THE MOON, long thought to be a dry, inhospitable orb, hosts surprisingly large sub-surface water reserves, which one day could quench the thirst of lunar explorers from Earth, scientists say.

“We found the signature of the lunar interior water globally using satellite data,” says Shuai Li, co-author of a study by scientists at Brown University in the United States.

“Such water can be used as in situ resources for future exploration,” adds Li, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hawaii and Brown PhD graduate.

Li notes that scientists had believed the Moon to be “bone dry” until about a decade ago, when scientists found evidence of water – an essential ingredient for life – in pebble-like beads brought back by Apollo missions.

The Brown findings show numerous volcanic deposits distributed across the surface of the Moon contain “unusually high amounts of trapped water” compared with surrounding terrain.

They say discovery of water in the ancient deposits, which are believed to consist of glass beads formed by the explosive eruption of magma from beneath the Moon’s surface, boosts the idea that the lunar mantle is surprisingly water-rich.

“The key question is whether those Apollo samples represent the bulk conditions of the lunar interior or instead represent unusual or perhaps anomalous water-rich regions within an otherwise ‘dry’ mantle,” says Ralph Milliken, lead author of the new research, published in the Nature Geoscience journal this week.

“The distribution of these water-rich deposits is the key thing,” Milliken says. “They’re spread across the surface, which tells us that the water found in the Apollo samples isn’t a one-off,” he adds.

“By looking at the orbital data, we can examine the large pyroclastic deposits on the Moon that were never sampled by the Apollo |or [Soviet] lunar missions,” says |the associate professor at Brown’s Department of Earth, Environment- al and Planetary Sciences.

“The fact that nearly all of them exhibit signatures of water suggests that the Apollo samples are not anomalous, so it may be that the bulk interior of the Moon is wet.”

Scientists believe the Moon formed from debris left behind after an object about the size of Mars slammed into the Earth early in solar system history.

They had assumed it was unlikely that any of the hydrogen needed to form water could have survived the heat of that impact.

“The growing evidence for water inside the Moon suggests that water did somehow survive, or that it was brought in shortly after the impact| by asteroids or comets before |the Moon had completely solidified,” says Li.

The volcanic beads contain only tiny amounts of water but the deposits are large and the water could potentially be extracted.

“Other studies have suggested the presence of water ice in shadowed regions at the lunar poles, but the pyroclastic deposits are at locations that may be easier to access,” Li says.

“Anything that helps save future lunar explorers from having to bring lots of water from home is a big step forward, and our results suggest a new alternative.”