#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.
D.C. committee recommends stripping names of Jefferson, Franklin, Scott Key, others from buildings
InternationalSep 02. 2020
The Columbus Circle fountain, shown in 2017, is outside Union Station in Washington. CREDIT: Photo for The Washington Post by Evelyn Hockstein
By The Washington Post · Julie Zauzmer, Michael Brice-Saddler · NATIONAL, RACE
WASHINGTON – A committee reporting to District of Columbia Mayor Muriel Bowser has recommended renaming dozens of public schools, parks and government buildings in the nation’s capital – including those named for seven U.S. presidents – after studying the historical namesakes’ connections to slavery and oppression.
The report also recommends adding plaques or other efforts to “contextualize” some of the most famed federal locales in the city, including the Washington Monument and the Jefferson Memorial, both honoring presidents who owned slaves.
Those federal monuments are not subject to the city’s control, however, a reality that helped unleash a torrent of skepticism and criticism about the report, including from Some Republicans in Congress who have often criticized the District’s local government, and its desire for statehood. Sen. Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn., falsely claimed that the District wanted the famed marble memorials “torn down.”
Secretary of the Interior David Bernhardt tweeted about the idea of relocating or contextualizing federal memorials: “Not on my watch. Never going to happen.”
The recommendations are the latest chapter in a roiling national debate over how to understand American’s history and pay homage to its founders while also acknowledging their contributions to racist practices and institutions.
Travis Timmerman, a Seton Hall University philosopher who has researched monument removals, said addressing the scores of places cited by the committee would put the District far beyond most U.S. cities, which have mostly focused on whether to remove public honorifics for Confederate icons.
“They’re going after historical figures that by and large have gotten a pass previously for their moral transgressions,” Timmerman, noting that the appropriateness of a monument changes over time.
“Thomas Jefferson, for instance, was a vicious slaveholder,” Timmerman said. “But most people think of him as the primary author of the Declaration of Independence…. If that’s what people think of Jefferson, then it’s not necessarily harmful to have a school named after him. If people become more aware of his moral shortcomings, and that’s what they think of when they see Jefferson’s statue or a school named after him, well, then it becomes harmful.”
District Council members, who would have to vote in order for schools and other buildings to be renamed, reacted to the report with both praise and trepidation.
“I never really thought about Stoddert or Key Elementary as an issue. They were just schools, and that’s their name,” said Mary Cheh, a Democrat, referring to schools on the committee’s list that are named for early Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert and for the writer of the national anthem. “African American women, civil rights leaders – people ought to know about others. This gives us an opportunity to honor them.”
Council Chairman Phil Mendelson, a Democrat, said he felt the report had been rushed and did not provide enough historical context. “I totally get why someone like John Tyler, even though he’s a former president, is someone we don’t want a school named after. But I don’t get why Benjamin Franklin is someone we don’t want anything named after. I think we need to see the detail,” he said.
Bowser, a Democrat, convened the committee after large-scale Black Lives Matter protests began in the District following the death of George Floyd in late May.
The committee said in its report that it considered whether the honorees owned slaves or supported the institution of slavery, whether they created laws and policies that disadvantaged women and minorities, whether they belonged to “any supremacist organization,” and whether they discriminated against marginalized groups in a way that would violate District law.
The committee, chaired by Bowser adviser Beverly Perry and public library director Richard Reyes-Gavilan, termed 153 out of 1,330 individuals who have something named after them in the capital city “persons of concern,” but did not recommend that all their names should be removed. Among those they cited as problematic: Presidents Thomas Jefferson and Woodrow Wilson; Revolutionary leader Benjamin Franklin; inventor Alexander Graham Bell; and national anthem writer Francis Scott Key.
Along with public housing complexes, parks and playgrounds, the committee recommend renaming 21 public schools — from Eliot-Hine Middle School, named for former Harvard University president and advocate of racist ideas Charles William Eliot; to Brookland Middle School, named for District landowner and Andrew Jackson administration official Jehiel Brooks.
Others whose names the committee would remove include presidents James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler and Zachary Taylor.
“With Alexander Graham Bell, there was talk about his involvement with eugenics as something that was very, very serious,” Reyes-Gavilan said in an interview.
Perry cited founding father Franklin’s history as a slaveowner and a racist line from his writing in 1751: “Why increase the sons of Africa, by planting them in America, where we have so fair an opportunity, by excluding all blacks and tawnys, of increasing the lovely white and red?”
Council member Kenyan McDuffie, a Democrat, who proposed a renaming commission last year, said, “We can’t simply accept the positive things, we’ve got to talk about and accept all their contributions, including some that were deeply offensive.”
“Let’s acknowledge Woodrow Wilson, the school I graduated from, was helpful in establishing the United Nations, but he also segregated the federal government and showed ‘Birth of a Nation’ on the White House lawn,” McDuffie said. Changes are needed, he said, “so young people of color can go to different parts of the city and see images that look like them. We don’t have to simply be resigned to a city that has a statue of white male military heroes almost every couple of blocks.”
Zachary Bray, a University of Kentucky law professor who has researched monument removal, said doing so was much more common before the past half-century. “I am very comfortable with and supportive of reconsidering monuments. That’s in keeping with an old tradition in this country that we ought to get back to,” he said.
The process of deciding which names to change would vary based on the type of government property. To rename a school, for example, the school system generally hosts a “public engagement process” and then makes a recommendation to the mayor, which the D.C. Council must approve. The council can act independently to rename a government building or a street.
The report recommends that Bowser ask the federal government to either remove or add historical context – likely in the form of a plaque – to eight U.S. monuments, including the fountain honoring Christopher Columbus outside Union Station and the Washington Monument, named for slaveholder and first president George Washington.
Left unmentioned is the fact that the city of Washington, District of Columbia, is itself named for both of those men.
SootinClaimon.Com 