The northern city is expected to draw many tourists this year, said Boonlert Buranuprakorn, CEO of the Chiang Mai Provincial Administrative Organisation, at a Sunday evening press conference.

In other provinces, revellers at Loy Krathong festivals launch krathong or floats into the river or other bodies of water, but in Chiang Mai they release flying lanterns into the air.

Although the number of Chinese group tours have dropped, said Boonlert, more individual Chinese tourists are visiting Chiang Mai, and so total numbers are not expected to decrease there by much.

He said some 2,000 officials would be deployed to ensure the security of tourists during the festival.

Giant lanterns are being built do decorate Chiang Mai’s downtown streets at night during the festival, and hundreds of thousands of lanterns will be lit around the city, he added.

He promised a very special festival this year, with a competition for the best tradition krathong floats and a trophy granted by His Majesty the King.

Damrong Ong-arj, president of the Chiang Mai Tourism Business Association, said almost all accommodation in Chiang Mai has already been booked for the festival.

He said the association would fully comply with the rules set by government agencies for activities involving the release of flying lanterns.

For most of us, especially in Asia, rice is an integral part of our culinary traditions and our diet. It’s a staple too for the Pga K’nyau residents of Ban Pha Mon but to these ethnic Karen people, the grain itself means so much more.

Located in Chiang Mai’s Doi Inthanon National Park, seven kilometres off the main highway, the small rural community of Ban Pha Mon is home to Pga K’nyau Karen who migrated from China and Myanmar and settled down in this village in Chom Thong District more than 130 years ago.

Farmers harvest rice as the sun bathes the fields in gold

A breathtaking sea of terraced rice fields and the mountains in the background have turned Pha Mon into something of a tourist attraction since it became part of a community-based tourism initiative more than 10 years ago.

More recently, the villagers have been conducting further research into ways they can use their strongest point – the stunning rice terraces– to draw more tourists to their home.

“We have a bond with rice. Rice is our life, spirit, and soul. Rice is more valuable than money. If you don’t eat rice you will die,” says Boonta Pharueksachimpli, one of the village leaders.

“Every seed [of rice] has its life. It dies three times a year to feed humans,” he adds.

After harvesting, farmers thrash the rice to separate the paddy from the plant.

According to Pga K’nyau beliefs, the rice dies the first time when it is sown in the field, a second time when it is harvested and a third time when it is cooked, Boonta explains.

Legend has it that a millionaire and a widow argued over whether rice or money was the most important thing in life. The millionaire gave priority to money while the widow believed rice was more important.

One day, the son of the millionaire cried so hard that the father soaked some money in water and had his son drink the water. But still the boy cried. The father later saw rice immersed in water and brought the rice for his son to eat. And the son stopped crying.

Karen women demonstrate how to make “Khao Mud”, a local rice-based dessert.

The Karen have been planting rice ever since and have always given priority to the crop.

With a population of 645, Pha Mon village currently has around 264 rai of rice fields. The community produce some 10,000 tons a year, most of it for local consumption, with the balance sold to the Hmong people, another ethnic group living in north of Thailand.

Boonta Pharueksachimpli, second left, and Pha Mon’s research team.

Here, perhaps more than elsewhere, the farmers pay attention to every step of the crop cycle from the preparation of the earth, to sowing and growth, Boonta says.

Before they even start, the farmers conduct more than 30 elaborate procedures along with spiritual rites, he adds.

For example, they will select one member, who they believe will be able to get a good yield, as the leader to take charge of all the processes that year.

A sign reading “Ban Pha Mon, a model village for farmer-based tourism” at the entrance to the village

Then they must choose the most auspicious day of the week to start planting.

That choice is based on the day that delivered the best-growing rice seedling during the experimental planting they organise ahead of the season.

In Thailand’s central and northeast regions, two to three crops are usually planted during the year but here too the Karen are an exception, planting rice just once in the 12-month cycle.

“Our rice grows for six months. We start to plant from end of May and harvest in October to early November,” says Boonta, who last year led a group of villagers to conduct research into using rice to promote tourism under the farmer-based tourism scheme. Under this initiative, villagers will organise tour programmes that focus on the farmer’s way of life.

A friendly Pga K’nyau grandma in traditional dress laughs as she watches the visitors

The research for the farmer-based tourism project, which was launched last year, is supported by the Thailand Research Fund [TRF]’s community-based research division and is aimed at empowering and strengthening villagers and farmers through research as well as through using tourism to generate extra income to elevate their quality of life.

Ban Pha Mon is one of 10 communities in the pilot project and TRF anticipates that villagers and farmers could earn between Bt500,000 to Bt700,000 per year from tourism, with each household benefiting from no less than Bt35,000 annually.

After a year of studying and collecting information, Boonta and his team could see that their village has the potential for farmer-based tourism.

They can trace back their rice history through eight species, showcase some ancient farming tools as well as the rituals and local wisdom used in the planting of rice terraces and demonstrate the evolution in the way of rice planting.

The researchers are now in the process of finalising the design of route trips and rice walking tours and expect to launch the tour programme for tourists next year before the next planting starts.

The tentative walking route will start from the rice terrace where tourists will learn how the farmers plant and harvest the rice and even have a go at it themselves.

Visitors will also witness the spiritual rites conducted before and during planting, as well as after harvesting to protect the crop from dangers caused by nature and humans.

Along the route, tourists will be able to learn about the ecology as well as about the herbs and plants the villagers use to cure certain ailments.

Demonstrations of how the rice is processed into other products, including desserts, will also be included.

Tourists can choose to stay overnight in a villager’s home to fully immerse themselves in community life. Numbers will however be limited to no more than 20 visitors a day.

“Bue Pha Doh” rice is the most popular rice species among the Karen.

Revenue sharing will use the same model as the community-based tourism scheme, with those earning income for the tourism services allocating some five to 10 per cent to the commune for public interest spending, including scholarships for students, healthcare for the elderly and building firebreaks.

“The Karen have a unique way of planting and thinking about their rice. To them, rice is like God. They believe people eat the ‘virtue’ or ‘value’ of rice,” says Somkid Kaewtip, dean of the School of Administrative Studies at Maejo University and an adviser to the TRF’s research division.

The research findings will also change the way others perceive rice, he adds.

“Their ‘ways of rice’ are closely linked to their way of life. So understanding their way of planting rice will help outsiders enjoy a better understanding of the Karen,” Somkid says.

IF YOU GO

– Ban Pha Mon is located in Chiang Mai’s Doi Intanon National Park, seven kilometres off the main highway and about 90km from downtown Chiang Mai.

– To arrange a visit, call (081) 166 4344 or join the conversation at Facebook/baan.phamon.

Rear Adm Luachai Sri-iamkul, the director of the airport, said the new terminal has been partially opened for domestic flight passengers and for inbound international flight passengers.

He said the airport would have to build more toilets to cope with the high number of passengers and to open bidding for the commercial management of the building so that there would be shops and restaurants for passengers.

The director said the outbound immigration police booths and work on some shops has yet to be completed.

Luachai said all the facilities should be ready by February next year.

He said the second terminal building, which is about 80 per cent complete, covers 22,000 square metres and can accommodate 3 million passengers a year but with effective management, the building could accommodate up to 5 million passengers a year.

Luachai said 2 million passengers used the airport last year and this year the number could rise to 2.5 million.

THAI president Sumeth Damrongchaitham apologised for the incident and said the investigation showed that the problems happened due to lack of coordination between the flight captain and the Zurich station manager. They failed to prioritise the interests of passengers and the airline in resolving the seating dispute of two off-duty pilots heading to Bangkok, he said.

Both the THAI staff acted against good corporate governance of the national carrier, which is focused on giving passengers first priority, while hurting the passengers and damaging the airline, he said.

The seating dispute involving the two pilots in TG971 from Zurich to Bangkok on October 11 delayed the flight by more than two hours. The insistence of the pilots for first-class seating resulted in two passengers who had been upgraded, having to return to business class.

The next step is to set up a committee, which will decide on the disciplinary penalties, said Sumeth, who declined to elaborate, saying it was THAI’s internal matter.

The less ons learned from this matter will be used for improvement of THAI’s organisational reform, which not only targets income and profit but also is striving to improve its corporate culture, he said.

“This was not the first time such an incident had happened. In the past too, off-duty pilots have agreed to change seats. There must be coordination first.

“This problem was caused by the communication breakdown between both of them [the flight captain and the Zurich station chief],” he said. “After this incident, THAI must have clear and correct regulations.”

Sumeth said that the national airline would issue regulations on off-duty pilots who are on board as passive crew to prevent the recurrence of such an incident.

Since last mid-week, THAI has contacted all passengers who are members of Royal Orchid Plus (ROP), providing them THAI mileage as an apology, and will try to contact non-ROP passengers with a proper measure to apologise.

“I, as the management chief of THAI, and all related parties admit this mistake and apologise for this incident. I assure that the company prioritises both the highest safety standards and services for customers. After this, our work process will be improved for good coordination, and customer-interest will be at the centre in order to prevent the recurrence of such an incident in the future,” Sumeth said.

He said that such an incident can exact a cost in terms of business operations and hence the company must improve its regulations.

Passengers were greeted by Sumo wrestler characters and female crew clad in kimono at the check-in counters. Cabin attendants on the inaugural flight also dressed in kimono to keep the Japanese atmosphere running on board. “We want to make our Osaka launch a memorable one as it is a major milestone in NokScoot’s history,” said NokScoot CEO Yodchai Sudhidhanakul.

Sunday’s launch culminated preparations over the past several months for the introduction of four weekly services from Don Mueang to Kansai International Airport. Osaka is NokScoot’s second port of call in Japan after Tokyo which it started serving from Don Mueang on June 1 this year through the Narita International Airport on a daily basis.

The airline is set to serve “Casper Muffin”, the friendly ghost Casper muffin stuffed with quail eggs and chicken sausage and “Pumpkin Halloween Muffin”, the Halloween pumpkin pie stuffed with quail eggs and chicken sausage created by Simply W restaurant.

The special menu is available only on October 31, 2018, on domestic and international flights, except WE177, WE343/344, WE333/334, WE335/336, WE419/420, WE426, WE609, WE011 and WE051 or until the menu runs out.

Here are some other global hotspots that authorities have moved to protect:

Bali, Indonesia

Officials on the holiday island, Indonesia’s top tourist destination, declared a “garbage emergency” last year after the palm-fringed Kuta beach was swallowed up by mountains of trash.

Indonesia, second only to China as the world’s biggest contributor to marine debris, deployed 700 cleaners and 35 trucks to remove roughly 100 tonnes of debris each day from Kuta and two other popular beaches to a nearby landfill.

Easter Island, Chile

Known for its 900-odd human figures standing up to 10 metres (32 feet) tall, the isolated Pacific island severely curtailed visitor numbers in August this year due to concerns over the remote Chilean territory’s environmental sustainability.

Tourist stays on the island, believed to have been settled by the Rapa Nui people around the 12th century, were cut to 30 days from 90, after the population — along with the crime rate — doubled in a few decades.

Those who wish to live on the island are now required to be a parent, partner or child of the Rapa Nui people.

Dubrovnik, Croatia

Dubrovnik, which boasts an old walled city, saw cruise ship arrivals shoot through the roof after it was used as a backdrop in the smash television drama series “Game of Thrones”, causing congestion as tourists made a beeline for the shoot locales.

Mayor Mato Frankovic told AFP the authorities plan to cut cruise ship numbers coming into the Adriatic port, while deploying cameras to count the number of people entering the old town.

Venice and Florence, Italy

Venice authorities are trialling a system that forces visitors to make a reservation if they want to go to the popular Saint Mark’s Square during peak hours.

They are also fining tourists 500 euros ($585) for bathing or having picnics in the city’s famous canals.

In Florence, officials have resorted to hosing down public spots such as church steps where many visitors congregate to eat picnics. This aims to prevent people from sitting on the wet pavement.

Machu Picchu, Peru

Peruvian authorities increased surveillance at the 15th-century Incan citadel high in the Andes mountain range in 2014 as nude photos and streaking became increasingly common.

Tourists have since at least 2013 been posting their naked selfies on social media, which the government described as a “disrespectful act” aimed solely at getting attention.

Maya Bay, Thailand

The glittering Thai bay immortalised in the movie “The Beach” was closed indefinitely on October 1 to allow it to recover from the impact of mass tourism, after a four-month respite failed to ease beach erosion and pollution.

About 5,000 tourists had arrived by boat each day to the beach framed by limestone cliffs that was made famous by the 2000 film starring Leonardo DiCaprio.