THE history of the Chinese is marked by their wanderlust. There are Chinese who have made it good all over the globe, whether it is in South-East Asia, the United States or Africa.

Ge Yang Jin, 18, a dance student at the Xinjiang Arts Institute in China would like to travel the world.

She is among a troupe of nubile young women dressed in midriff-baring costumes that is dancing to the rhythm of the tabla, a Hindustani percussion instrument. The exotic sight and sound hit us like a thunderbolt – we certainly had not expected to see anything like this in Ürümqi, the capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

More than 40 journalists from 23 countries are on a government-sponsored visit that will introduce us to Xinjiang and its place in China’s “One Belt, One Road” economic initiative. The Belt Road initiative links cities like Beijing and Shanghai in the east with those in Xinjiang, Central Asia and Europe via a network of road, rail and sea routes.

“I want to go abroad. Maybe as a dancer, or an actress, I could do that,” says Ge, who has enrolled in a four-year dancing course at the institute, one of the best in Ürümqi.

Ge’s worldly passions are a stark contrast to the spiritual concerns of religious student Li Wa Yi Ding. And therein lies the tension between Xinjiang’s predominantly Muslim minority groups and the central Beijing Government.

Li, 24, from the Xinjiang Islamic Scripture Institute, is content to return to southern Xinjiang when he graduates. The Uyghur entered the institute at 19; it is among the best for those who want to study the Uyghur language and Arabic.

Diverse culture: The new mosque with its minarets in Xinjiang. But the entrance, resembling a temple, remains.

“I learned how to read the Quran, a collection of Prophet Muhammad’s teachings, and from Imam Al-Hadi, (descendant of Prophet Muhammad), and Islamic laws. I have many options when I graduate. I can be an imam in a mosque, a teacher, or be a religious affairs officer. But I hope to work in an Islamic association,” he says.

Fees are kept low by the government and the school takes care of food and accommodation. About 50 students from the institute are sent to Egypt’s Al-Azhar University and other countries annually as government scholars.

There about are about 50 ethnic minority groups in Xinjiang, of which 13 are larger groups with the Uyghurs and the Kazaks being the largest. Up to 68% of Xinjiang’s 23 million population are Muslims.

Xinjiang has 24,800 religious venues, of which 24,800 are mosques; 59, Buddhist temples; 227, Protestant churches; 26 Catholic churches; and three, Orthodox churches, according to government statistics.

Yet the Beijing Central Government prides itself as a secular state, where religion and politics are kept separate.

Unifying force

Beijing believes that economic progress will help to unify the people, dilute differences, and bring about a cohesive social fabric for the good of Xinjiang and larger China.

“Xinjiang needs peace for businesses and investments to run well,” says a local government official.

Security is a lot tighter at Ürümqi Airport than it had been at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. Scanning machines and security personnel are stationed at the entrances and exits of malls and public offices in Ürümqi. Lockers to store your bags are provided at supermarket entrances.

Exotic moves: First-year dance students at the Xinjiang Arts Institute, perform to Hindustani music in Urumqi.

At the Grand Bazaar in downtown Ürümqi where minority groups do business with locals and ingtourists, a riot a decade ago has reduced the number of Han Chinese patrons at a nearby supermarket. At the entrance to the supermarket building, a young Uyghur girl carries on with her brisk bread business, “one of the best around here”, according to an Ugyhur government official.

Although people from minority groups occupy positions in private and government sectors ranging from education and the police force to trade and other economic sectors, the groups want more autonomy.

Tradition persists

Some of Xinjiang’s Kazak minorities continue to lead nomadic lives, spending half a year in search of pasture for their herds of goats and sheep during summer, then retiring into the valley during the winter months. Xinjiang has six winter and summer months.

Says interpreter Zhang Jie Nian, a Han Chinese: “About 20 years ago, my Kazak neighbours would take our flock of sheep together with theirs in search of grass. Any young born during that period will be returned to us together with the flock. We’d leave some sheep with them as payment.”

Today, despite the modern highways like the G30 that links coastal cities Lian Yun Gang, Jiangsu Province, in the east to Khorgas in Xinjiang, flocks of goats and sheep at pasture can still be seen – and they are a sight to behold.

Camels are the other popular livestock. While they were prized as a mode of transport during the ancient Silk Road days, they are reared for milk today.

The Kazaks are also keen horsemen. In Lu Zhou Valley in the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, near a lavender farm, Kazaks race their horses as a hobby.

Lucrative business: A Muslim woman selling bread at the entrance to the Carrefour Supermarket which overlooks Urumqi’s Grand Bazaar .

Says Zhang, “The nomadic Kazaks used to return to Lu Zhou Valley during the winter months where they also raised horses. But the modern way of life has caught up with the younger generation.

“New roads were built so the Kazaks move their sheep and cattle by vehicles in these parts today. The government thought this was a good place for tourism. In order to perpetuate their old haunts and grounds, a race course was built for about 100 renmimbi about five years ago. There are about 200 horses here.”

Modern lives

Some Kazaks lead more settled lives in government-built villages. Others work and live in big towns and cities. The government’s rationale is: you can use the land but you cannot own it. So the government, with private sector help, built housing communities for the Han Chinese and villages for the minorities.

The minorities prefer landed housing, with the house occupying the front part and the back portion used as a livestock pen.

Countryside tourism, where Kazak or Uyghur families open their homes to visitors for a couple of hours, is being promoted as a source of income.

Visitors are entertained with traditional dancing and horse riding and are given fruits.

“It is like a short homestay and it can improve their income. The villagers like opening their homes because they get to meet people from different countries,” says Zhang.

He adds that a Kazak village we visit in Ili Kazak autonomous prefecture has received 200,000 visitors in the last several years.

Scented fields: A lavender farm against the Kegurchin Mountains in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang.

Promoting culture

This push to promote local culture is happening throughout the province.

At the Yining Crafts Centre in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, one of five handicraft centres in that area, a picture of President Xi Jin Ping and two Kazaks reads “Xin Jinping stands with the minority groups in Xinjiang”.

In an Arts and Cultural Economic Park housing minority crafts near Ürümqi, sculptor Wang Zhongnin, an ethnic Russian, gestures at his display of busts and his work-in-progress.

The room, which is about 46sqm, is one of many in a building that promotes minority art and culture, be it painting, jewellery-making, traditional attire-sewing or other handicraft.

The government pays the rent and, in Wang’s case, pays for his trips abroad to promote his work. He pays for the utilities.

“Before coming here, sculpture using mud was a hobby. Coming here helped me to be more focused and I turned it into a business and a profession,” he says.

Since 2009, riots every couple of years have attracted global attention. The Chinese Government is trying to quell such insurgencies. But the vastness of China makes this a challenge.

Says a government official accompanying the media trip: “We want the press to see and know the real Xinjiang.”

Government involvement seems to pervade every level of development, from the individual to the community level, even in the performing arts.

Nomadic lives: Kazaks are skillful shepherds and live with their herd in the Tian Shan mountain range.

“The government is serious about promoting the region’s diverse culture,” says Vice Party Secretary Gao Xue Mei at the Ürümqi Arts Theatre.

“Everything related to the performing arts is government-sponsored in Xinjiang and Tibet. The actors and actresses are on a government payroll,” she says.

Upstairs, an orchestra is rehearsing Disney’s Mulan and The Prince Of Egypt. Whether it is traditional dances, Western music or religious studies, the Beijing-based central government is a keen conductor.

Known as the “Pearl of the Indian Ocean,” the lush tropical isle is famous for its golden beaches with palm trees, Buddhist temples of glittering relics as well as exotic wildlife and sundry vegetation.

Its fledgling tourism industry has registered a 230 percent growth over the last five years, and more than 1.8 million travelers visited last year, including 14,000 Koreans. In the last three years, 50,000 Sri Lankans travelled to Korea and 30,000 Koreans toured Sri Lanka.

In an effort to appeal to a wider range of globetrotters, the Sri Lankan Tourism Promotion Bureau, the Sri Lankan Embassy and related companies hosted a travel road show in early June.

“Our island nation has all the prerequisites to become the world’s top tourist destination,” Sri Lankan Ambassador Manisha Gunasekera said, “including scenic beauties, historical and cultural heritages, diverse wildlife, and most importantly, warm and hospitable people living in peace and tranquility.”

“Our government is building more infrastructure needed to support our economy, including the expanding tourism industry,” she added, mentioning three direct flights between Colombo and Seoul every week through Korean Air.

Noting the 40th anniversary of bilateral diplomatic relations next year, Gunasekera stressed that great potential exists to strengthen trade and investment and people-to-people ties between Sri Lanka and South Korea.

Association of Inbound Tour Operators, said in a speech that the country’s tourism industry is growing rapidly, with many upper-crust hotels constructed across cities, towns and beaches.

A five-star Shangri La Hotel with a golf course and 300 rooms has recently opened in the port city of Hambantota in southern Sri Lanka. In the town of Ahungalla in the southwest, the Riu Hotel will open in August with 500 luxury rooms, three pools and five restaurants on the beachfront. The Shangri La, the Sheraton and the Hyatt hotels are in the works in capital Colombo.

“Generating over $2.7 billion last year, tourism is our nation’s third largest source of revenue,” said Dilukshi Wickramasinghe, marketing manager of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau. “With 1,300 kilometers of beachlines, Sri Lanka is a popular honeymoon destination for couples from all around the world.”

As for historical sanctuaries, she mentioned the Rock Fortress of Sigiriya, which is dubbed the “eighth wonder of the world.” It was a royal citadel in the fifth century with a pleasure garden built atop a 200-meter-rock, overlooking a verdant field. There are also the Golden Temple of Dambulla, a Buddhist cave shrine with murals and statues on a mountaintop, and a UNESCO World Heritage site; and the Galle Fort, a historic fortress on the southwestern coast, built in 1588 by the Portuguese and fortified by the Dutch from 1649 onwards.

In terms of natural wonders, Wickramasinghe highlighted high mountains in the Adams Peak, Knuckles Range and Hortan Plains. Sri Lanka also has 16 National Parks and 100 protected areas for wildlife. The Sinharaja Forest Reserve, a UNESCO Heritage Site, is home to 11,000 species of animals and plants, with the highest biodiversity in the world after the Amazon Forest.

Roughly 10 percent of all elephants in Asia live in Sri Lanka, concentrated in the Minneriya National Park in the northcentral area.

The country is a cauldron of religious festivities all year round. Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic celebrations, including the Kandy Esala Perahera, Vesak Festival and Sinhalese New Year Festival, are revered by locals and visitors.

The Galle Literary Festival is held in Kandy, Galle and Jaffna, a regional magnet for intellectuals and pupils. Being the largest of its kind in South Asia, it is a thriving platform for intelligent discussion, theatre, music, art, dining, touring and workshops.

 

You Xinwei, a 25-year-old who works in the logistics industry, said after taking a Roaring Rapids ride: “There were surprises at every turn the raft took and it became scarier as we went deeper into a dark cavern. The experience was fun and thrilling,” added You, standing in wet shoes and clothing afterward.

Having visited Hong Kong Disneyland, You said the Shanghai park is larger and offers more high-tech attractions.

Koike Hideya and his wife Kyoto flew to Shanghai from Nagoya in Japan for a three-day trip. Compared with Tokyo Disneyland, he said the Shanghai park is bigger, prettier and its attractions are better with the use of high-technology.

The couple, who are in their 40s, were among more than 10,000 visitors to the Walt Disney Co’s sixth resort and among the first group of overseas Disney visitors to the Chinese mainland.

Bob Iger, the company’s chairman and chief executive officer, said on Wednesday: “When we open, we will continue construction to expand … We’ve had some discussions, mostly internal, on what we would like to do next year.”

The resort is the largest foreign investment to date for the California-based company.

“Nothing is as impactful. Nothing creates a connection to our stories, to our brands, to our characters, than a theme park experience,” Iger was quoted as saying by Bloomberg.

“The experience people have when they spend time in our theme parks is immersive. They not only hear and see our stories but they actually enter them, they live in them.”

While most of the 300 theme parks in China are unprofitable, Disney is leading an incoming wave of megaparks developed by both local and foreign operators competing for a tourism industry that is set to double in size by 2020.

According to Bloomberg, about 60 more parks will open by 2020 to serve Chinese consumers, including Dalian Wanda Group’s chain of 15 Wanda Cities.

 

Here are some excerpts from the article.

A “10,000-people hotpot feast” was a highlight at the Chongqing International Hotpot Culture Festival. A Guinness record-holding pot, which is 10 meters in diameter and can serve 60 people at the same time, was used for the feast. It is said that 300 kilograms of chili pepper and 100 kilograms of prickly ash were needed to make soup in this pot, and it takes about three hours to boil the soup with electricity.

Prickly ash, or hua jiao. [File photo]

The earliest written record of the prickly ash in China appeared more than 2,000 years ago. The ancient people used it as a seasoning to neutralize the taste of raw meat or fish.

Statistics show that nearly 37 percent of dishes from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) contained prickly ash. Today’s Sichuan province in Southwest China, previously known as Shu Kingdom, has long been a main production base of prickly ash.

A farmer pours chili pepper from a basket in Wuqiao county, Hebei province. [Photo/Xinhua]

There is no conclusion yet as to how chili pepper came to China. But according to written records, the liberal use of the seasoning occurred in Guizhou during the Qing Dynasty (1636—1912). Chili pepper was later grown as a vegetable in Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Jiangxi.

Dried pepper can be used as a seasoning. The coming of chili pepper caused a revolution in Chinese food.

Studies show that regions on the northern latitude 38 degree line are fit for growing chili peppers, and are where the majority of chili pepper eaters can be found. The countries include Cuba, the United States, Mexico, China, Republic of Korea, Italy, Spain and Egypt. South American countries also have a strong preference for the chili pepper.

Currently, China’s annual chili pepper output is more than 28 million tons, accounting for 46 percent of the world’s total. It is said that the hottest pepper in China grows in Simao, Yunnan province, and is called the Xiaomi pepper.

Farmers in Northwest China’s Gansu province flip chili peppers in the air to help them dry on Oct 4, 2015. [Photo/Xinhua]

There is a big debate over which province has the spiciest food. Local people believe that eating pepper can help them adapt to the humid and cold weather in winter.

In the north, there are also many pepper lovers. Beijing has many Sichuan and Hunan restaurants. But the food served there is often altered to cater to Beijingers’ taste.

Pepper is a must for many residents in Northeast China and Northwest China. Guangdong has the least spicy cuisines in China. The people living there prefer fresh and light taste flavors to spicy food.