Indonesia’s e-commerce sales set to hit $65 bn in 2022

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360152

x

Indonesia’s e-commerce sales set to hit $65 bn in 2022

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 20:27

By THE JAKARTA POST
ASIA NEWS NETWORK

GLOBAL management consulting firm McKinsey & Company has forecast fast growth for e-commerce in Indonesia, predicting sales to reach US$65 billion (Bt2.13 trillion) annually by 2022, eight times the $8 billion recorded in 2017.

“Our research suggests some 30 per cent of online commerce – sales worth $2.5 billion in 2017 – is additional spending that would not have existed if not for online commerce,” said Simon Wintels, a partner of McKinsey.

McKinsey noted that the buzz around year-end online shopping festivals – notably Single’s Day, or November 11 (11.11), and December 12 (12.12) – reflected the potential of online commerce in Indonesia.

McKinsey estimated that e-commerce could facilitate up to $26 billion in new exports, or equal to 40 per cent of manufacturing exports today. It also identified that jewellery exports in particular had benefited from online commerce.

“The interest of major, global consumers reflects the growing demand for Indonesian products from international markets,” said Phillia Wibowo, McKinsey Indonesia’s managing partner.

“More sectors need to take notes from the jewellery sector because overall Indonesian exports through online commerce remain low, with many local merchants yet to tap into international markets.”

McKinsey also argued e-commerce supported financial inclusion, as to date, e-commerce has indirectly provided some 300,000 micro-business owners with access to financial services through online payments systems. “To encourage the growth of mid-sized companies, the public and private sectors need to collaborate to create accelerator programmes to boost competitiveness,” said Phillia.

Roger, the ‘buff kangaroo’ dies

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360131

// EPA-EFE PHOTO
// EPA-EFE PHOTO

Roger, the ‘buff kangaroo’ dies

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 18:52

By EPA-EFE

An undated handout photo made available by the Kangaroo Sanctuary, in Alice Springs Australia, showing Roger, the ‘buff kangaroo’ who became and internet sensation.

The Kangaroo Sanctuary reports on 10 December 2018 that Roger has died aged 12 at the Alice Springs sanctuary he called home. Roger rescued as a joey after his mother was killed in a car accident grew up to be a giant among Kangaroos, more than 2m tall and weighing 89kg.

Colombian police bust child sex network run by Israelis

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360127

x

Colombian police bust child sex network run by Israelis

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 18:43

By Agence France-Presse
Bogota

Colombian police have arrested six Israelis on charges of running a sex tourism operation that exploited underage girls, prosecutors said.

After a two-year investigation, Prosecutor General Nestor Humberto Martinez told reporters Sunday that agents have broken up “an Israeli mafia that exploited and used girls, adolescents and women as sex slaves in Colombia.”

Two Colombians were also arrested in the sweep, Martinez said.

The “mafia” sold tour packages for Israelis with a destination to several Colombian cities that in reality was a front for sex services with minors, Martinez said.

Among those arrested was Israeli alleged gang leader Mor Zohar, and a Colombian police officer said to have helped protect the gang.

The Israeli citizens all have Interpol Red Notices, the closest thing to an international arrest warrant, a statement read.

Officials seized assets belonging to the suspects worth $45 million.

The network was allegedly led by Israeli citizen Benyamin Mush, who has traveled in and out of Colombia and Central American countries, the statement read.

According to testimony obtained from victims, the minors received between $65 and $126 and were forced to belong to a WhatsApp group code-named after the Jewish holiday Purim.

The suspects, set to face a judge in the northwestern city of Medellin, face charges that include pimping minors, aggravated homicide, drug trafficking and money laundering.

Vietnam an FDI magnet in Southeast Asia: experts

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360123

x

Vietnam an FDI magnet in Southeast Asia: experts

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 17:19

By Viet Nam News
Asia News Network

Vietnam is among the few Asean member countries to consistently improve its attractiveness to foreign investors due to its growing economy and improving business climate, according to experts.

Berly D Alvarez, chairman of the Philippines’s Kaunlad Lending Investors Corporation and a speaker at the “2018 Horasis Asia Meeting”, held recently in Bình Dương province, said Vietnam’s ability to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) was due to its consistent economic reform, a young and increasingly urbanised population, affordable labour, constant improvements to its business climate, and political stability.

The fact that it hosted the 2017 APEC meetings highlights its regional economic integration and steadily improving business climate, he added.

Vietnam has been attracting investment in infrastructure, including power projects, road and rail construction and renewable energy.

Don Lam, CEO of VinaCapital, said Vietnam’s economy remained strong with 6.6-per-cent growth targeted next year, inflation remaining under control and manufacturing expanding.

“More foreign investment is expected to flow into Vietnam in the coming time,” he said.

Pakpoom Vallisuta, chairman of The Quant Group Corporation, a leading Thai investment banking adviser, told Viet Nam News that Vietnam is expected to achieve 6.8-per-cent economic growth in 2019.

Market reforms also help attract investment, he said.

Phạm Hồng Hải, CEO of HSBC Vietnam, said: “We also see potential trade diversion as US import demand shifts away from China to other Asean markets like Vietnam.”

While this trend is a good sign for the development of the country, it also puts more pressure on the country and businesses to develop infrastructure, he said.

“So improving labour productivity through better education and vocational training, I think, should thus be a priority for the government,” he added.

While it is true that a large portion of the workforce can transition from agriculture, most might move only to low-end manufacturing and there remains a dearth of qualified workers to advance to higher positions, the chief executive explained.

The government has made efforts like improving the quality of primary and secondary education, but more needs to be done.

Improving tertiary education and vocational training, boosting private-sector-led in-house training, and providing lifelong learning opportunities are some of the reforms needed if the country wants to take full advantage of its current demographic “sweet spot” and the possible trade diversion.

Experts recommended that Vietnamese businesses should take advantage of “Industry 4.0”, investing more in technology to enhance their competitiveness.

In addition, policy reforms to attract even more foreign investment are important for future growth and raising the country’s competitiveness, especially in sectors like infrastructure and manufacturing, they said.

Challenges

Vietnam’s business climate still faces numerous challenges like underdeveloped legal framework, relatively high risk of corruption, poor protection of intellectual property rights, and limited availability of skilled and productive workers, according to Alvarez.

The judicial system and infrastructure in Vietnam need improvement, as do higher education and vocational training, he said.

Some companies could put up factories in Vietnam due to the US- China trade war, but the country’s generally low-quality workforce and technological capacity could be a big hurdle, he added.

Pakpoom said that though the US had spread its manufacturing to more countries, and this could benefit them, the global slowdown and market volatility could have a bigger impact than the benefits.

Companies could also prefer a familiar eco-system and abundance of goods rather than just affordable labour, he said.

Vietnam needs to reduce its over-reliance on global value chains by targeting Asean as a source of demand for products in sectors such as agriculture and electronics.

Lam said: “I think the [US-China] trade war will likely lead to increased foreign direct investment in Vietnam as companies look to move manufacturing operations to the country, and we are likely to see continued export growth.”

In the short term Vietnam should benefit, but, ultimately, this sort of tension between the world’s two largest economies is not productive for the global economy and could have ramifications in the longer term if not resolved, he added.

Alvarez said the country should aim for more “high-quality” FDI inflows, focusing on projects that use modern, environmentally friendly technologies and competitive products that could be part of the global production network and value chain.

According to the Vietnam Foreign Investment Agency, the country had attracted US$30.8 billion (Bt1 trillion) worth of registered FDI this year, as of November 20.

Ex-Nissan chief Ghosn charged, may face new allegations

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360114

File photo : President and CEO of Japan's auto giant Nissan Carlos Ghosn
File photo : President and CEO of Japan’s auto giant Nissan Carlos Ghosn

Ex-Nissan chief Ghosn charged, may face new allegations

Breaking News December 10, 2018 12:58

By AFP

Tokyo – Japanese prosecutors have formally charged Carlos Ghosn with financial misconduct for under-reporting his salary, local media reported on Monday, three weeks after the auto tycoon’s arrest stunned the business world.

Former Nissan chairman Ghosn, 64, has been in detention since his November 19 arrest on suspicion of under-declaring his income by some five billion yen ($44 million) between 2010 and 2015.

Authorities are also widely expected to re-arrest him later Monday over separate allegations that he also under-reported his income by a further four billion over the past three years.

Under Japanese law, suspects can be re-arrested several times for different allegations, allowing prosecutors to question them for prolonged periods — a system that has drawn criticism internationally.

Monday was the final day prosecutors can hold Ghosn and close aide Greg Kelly before either charging or re-arresting them, and a further arrest would allow them another 22 days of questioning.

In addition to charges against Ghosn, prosecutors also indicted Kelly and Nissan itself, according to local media, as the company submitted the official documents that under-reported the income.

Ghosn denies the charges and is in a “combative” frame of mind, according to sources at Renault, the company he still formally leads — even if the French car giant has appointed an interim chairman.

The Japanese firms in the three-way alliance with Renault — Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors — have both sacked the Franco-Lebanese-Brazilian as chairman.

– Lebanese phoenix –

The millionaire auto sector star, who attracted some criticism for a perceived lavish lifestyle, is now alone in a spartan cell in a Tokyo detention centre, in a tiny room measuring just three tatami mats — around five square metres.

He has reportedly told embassy visitors he is being well treated but has complained of the cold, with Monday’s temperature in the Japanese capital hovering around five degrees Celsius.

He spends his time reading books and news reports and is said to be unhappy about the rice-based food.

According to local news agency Kyodo, he has admitted signing documents to defer part of his salary until after retirement but said this amount did not need to be declared as it has not yet been definitively fixed.

A source close to the investigation has said Ghosn and Kelly allegedly put the system in place after a new law came in obliging the highest-paid members of the firm to declare their salary.

Ghosn is suspected of deferring part of his pay to avoid criticism from staff and shareholders that his salary was too generous.

Nissan is appealing to a court in Rio de Janeiro to block access by Ghosn’s representatives to a luxury apartment on Copacabana Beach

“We are closely watching if he is actually indicted and then found guilty,” said Satoru Takada, an analyst at TIW, a Tokyo-based research and consulting firm.

“If he is exempted from prosecution or found innocent, it is going to create huge confusion in Nissan’s management,” Takada told AFP.

It is unclear if Ghosn can be bailed before a potential trial.

In Japan, prosecutors and defendants begin a trial at a district court and can appeal to a high court and the Supreme Court. It may take several years before reaching a final judgement.

If found guilty, Ghosn could face a 10-year prison sentence.

The affair represents a staggering turnaround for a figure celebrated for saving Nissan from the brink of bankruptcy and rebuilding it as a money-making subsidiary of Renault.

Nissan has begun a process of choosing Ghosn’s successor, with the final decision expected on December 17.

His arrest has sparked incredulity at Renault, which owns 43 percent of Nissan and says it has not seen a detailed account of the charges against Ghosn.

It has also fuelled anger in Lebanon, with digital billboards around Beirut proclaiming “We are all Carlos Ghosn” under a picture of the magnate.

“A Lebanese phoenix will not be scorched by a Japanese sun,” Interior Minister Nohad Machnouk has declared.

Japan’s empress-in-waiting ‘insecure’ but vows to serve

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360113

  • This handout picture taken on December 4, 2018 and provided by the Imperial Household Agency of Japan on December 7, 2018 shows Japan’s Crown Princess Masako (R) and her husband Crown Prince Naruhito (L) sharing a book at Togu Palace in Tokyo.//AFP
  • This handout picture taken on December 4 and provided by the Imperial Household Agency of Japan on December 7, shows Japan’s Crown Princess Masako (R) and her husband Crown Prince Naruhito (L) posing for a photograph with their pet dog Yuri//AFP
  • This handout picture taken on November 25, 2018 and provided by the Imperial Household Agency of Japan on November 30 shows Japan’s Princess Aiko (R) talking with her father Crown Prince Naruhito about her school trip at Togu Palace in Tokyo.//AFP

Japan’s empress-in-waiting ‘insecure’ but vows to serve

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 12:45

By AFP

Tokyo: Japan’s Crown Princess Masako pledged to do her best despite feeling “insecure” about becoming empress in mere months, in a candid statement released on her 55th birthday.

Emperor Akihito will step down on April 30, 2019 – the first abdication in the Japanese imperial family in more than two centuries.

His eldest son and Masako’s husband Naruhito will ascend to the throne the next day.

“Even though I feel insecure about how helpful I will be when I think about the days ahead… I want to devote myself to the happiness of the people so I will make an effort to that end,” said the crown princess.

She gave birth to Princess Aiko in 2001 but continued to face pressure to produce a son as only male heirs can take the throne under Japanese law.

The pressure eased in 2006, however, when her sister-in-law gave birth to Prince Hisahito, now 12.

She has made few public appearance since 2003 and has struggled with adjustment disorder.

In her birthday statement, Masako revealed she was recuperating from a stress-induced illness ahead of the imperial succession.

“I am delighted at the fact that I can perform more duties than before as I have tried to improve my physical condition,” she said.

But her doctors warned in a separate statement that it is important for the crown princess to continue treatment as she remains vulnerable to fatigue, especially after a large ceremony or successive duties.

Urgent : Najib arrested by MACC for tampering of 1MDB report

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360112

Najib Razak
Najib Razak

Urgent : Najib arrested by MACC for tampering of 1MDB report

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 12:40

By The Star
Asia News Network

2,251 Viewed

PUTRAJAYA: Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak has been arrested by graft investigators over the “tampering” of the 1MDB final audit report.

The former prime minister, was arrested around 11am at the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission headquarters here, minutes after he arrived for a fresh round of questioning over the issue.

Najib was seen entering the MACC headquarters at around 10.42am on Monday (Dec 10).

MACC sources however said that he would be released if he can come up with money for bail.

On Nov 25, Auditor-General Tan Sri Madinah Mohamad said that parts of the 1MDB final audit report were removed. These sections mentioned the presence of fugitive businessman Low Taek Jho, also known as Jho Lo.

She revealed that the directive to make the changes came from Tan Sri Shukry Salleh, who was then the principal private secretary to Najib when he was prime minister.

The changes to the 1MDB report were made on Feb 26, 2016 on grounds that it was a “sensitive issue”.

To date, apart from Najib, the MACC had questioned several people about the report tampering.

This includes former chief Tan Sri Dzulkifli Ahmad, in his capacity as a legal officer in the Attorney-General’s Chambers, former Auditor-General Tan Sri Ambrin Buang, former chief secretary to the government Tan Sri Dr Ali Hamsa and the then 1MDB group president and chief executive officer Arul Kanda Kandasamy.

Malaysian cosplayer works hijab into her stunning outfits

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360111

Saakira Izumi in her handmade Crystal Maiden outfit (from the video game Dota 2). Photo: The Star/Yap Chee Hong
Saakira Izumi in her handmade Crystal Maiden outfit (from the video game Dota 2). Photo: The Star/Yap Chee Hong

Malaysian cosplayer works hijab into her stunning outfits

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 12:36

By The Star
Asia News Network

When she dons her costumes, cosplayer Saakira Izumi certainly grabs attention. There are no half measures.

In this recent midweek afternoon interview, she’s come dressed as one of her favourite characters – the Crystal Maiden from the video game Dota 2.

With cape, hood and a powerful-looking staff, Saakira’s costume is definitely striking. This cosplayer has also managed to incorporate her hijab naturally into her outfit.

Saakira is one of the highlights at the inaugural Star Supa Comic event, which takes place at the Mid Valley Exhibition Centre in Kuala Lumpur on Dec 29 and 30.

“It’s not difficult (to wear a hijab and cosplay). In some ways, it’s just like wearing a wig. You just have to find a hijab with the same colour as the hair of the character you are cosplaying,” says Saakira, whose real name is Nurul Syakirah Samsol.

“If you want to be even more creative, you can even style your hijab,” she adds.

Hijab cosplaying is gradually growing in popularity these days, not just in Malaysia, but around the world.

Part of the appeal of cosplay (an abbreviation of “costume play”) after all, is coming up with clever and functional costumes. This has led to many skilled Muslim cosplayers not just incorporating their hijab into their cosplay, but also designing their own outfits.

saakira

‘It’s not difficult (to wear a hijab and cosplay). In some ways, it’s just like wearing a wig,’ says Saakira. Photo: The Star/Yap Chee Hong

“I don’t like to mix religion with my hobbies. But I believe that you can have fun, as long as you stick within the boundaries (of decency).

“That’s what I think, other people may have different opinions, but that’s up to them,” says Saakira, 24, who is currently studying multimedia design at a local university.

The Klang, Selangor-based cosplayer has been cosplaying for about five years. She was inspired and influenced by fellow Malaysian Capries Ryn, another hijab cosplayer, who started cosplaying in 2012.

Capries and Saakira are now the Malaysian representatives of Hijab Cosplay Gallery, a group for hijab cosplayers in Malaysia and Indonesia. The group has 100 members, who meet at various regional events, hang out or attend gatherings held by the society every year.

Saakira started her cosplay by dressing as “cute characters” such as Hatsune Miku, a Vocaloid singing personality. She is also a fan of the “sweet Lolita” style, a Japanese fashion subculture influenced by elaborate and elegant Victorian clothes.

Soon, she started getting noticed, to the point that she was invited to give interviews on local TV about her unique fashion style.

saakira

‘What’s most important about a costume is to make the character recognisable. In this case, even though my costume is a bit different because of the hijab, you can still tell who it is,’ says Saakira, dressed up as the Crystal Maiden (from Dota 2). Photo: The Star/Yap Chee Hong

As time went on, however, Saakira started to experiment with various other characters, many of them from her favourite video games. She got into organising cosplay events, and started to join cosplay competitions, even winning prizes.

“When you first see me, you might think I don’t speak much. And in a way, that’s who I am in real life. But cosplay has helped me improve myself. It has given me the spirit to speak and perform. It’s taught me to be a leader and to learn new things,” she elaborates.

Saakira also makes many of her costumes herself.

“It is cheaper to do so than renting costumes. I picked up the basics from my mother, a tailor,” she reveals.

Saakira has since made 18 costumes, although she now keeps six.

Her Crystal Maiden outfit, she says, is one of the most challenging for her to make. The character appeals to her because of the pastel colours and modest dress sense.

“When making a costume, accuracy and quality are very important. But what’s most important about a costume is to make the character recognisable. For example, in this case, even though my costume is a bit different because of the hijab, you can still tell who it is,” says Saakira.

For Star Supa Comic, Nurul and her partner Aida, a full-time costume maker, will be presenting a costume creating workshop.

“Don’t be shy. If you really want to give it a try, don’t just watch. You have to go ahead and just do it,” she concludes with a smile.

Star Supa Comic will take place at the Mid Valley Exhibition Centre, KL on Dec 29 and 30. It is organised by i.Star Events (a subsidiary of Star Media Group) with event partner AniManGaki and media partners dimsum, 988 and Suria FM. For more info, call i.Star Events at 03-7967 1388 ext 1097 / 1505 / 1541 or visit: bit.ly/starsupacomic.

Australia accused of torture in refugee court case

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360105

x

Australia accused of torture in refugee court case

ASEAN+ December 10, 2018 07:23

By Agence France-Presse
Sydney

One thousand-plus asylum seekers being held by Australia in offshore detention centres are suing Canberra, alleging they have suffered torture and human rights abuses.

Migrants being held on the islands of Manus — in Papua New Guinea — and Nauru are to launch two class action suits, the latest civil bid to end their detention.

“The group members allege that they have been subjected to torture, crimes against humanity and the intentional infliction of harm by the Australian Government,” said George Newhouse, a lawyer with legal campaign group the National Justice Project.

The roughly 1,200 individuals will be represented by top lawyer Julian Burnside, the project said.

Australia’s right-leaning government has repeatedly defended its policy of detaining migrants at offshore facilities.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison argues allowing the would-be refugees to reach Australia would encourage others to make the trip.

But the policy is unpopular among the Australian public and has been pilloried by rights groups and doctors as inhumane.

Conditions in the camps are often difficult.

The United Nations and a doctors group recently warned of alarming levels of depression on Nauru, with many suicide attempts and children living in despair.

Those detained have already launched several legal challenges in a bid to close the camps.

Their lawyers will now argue they have suffered arbitrary imprisonment and denied proper medical treatment — constituting a crime against humanity.

The government has vowed to move children off Nauru but has opposed legislation allowing transfers to take place.

By the book: Detention of Bahraini footballer defended

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/asean-plus/30360071

x

By the book: Detention of Bahraini footballer defended

ASEAN+ December 09, 2018 12:43

By The Nation

The Foreign Ministry has insisted that a Bahraini footballer detained by immigration police will have to stand trial as part of a process determining whether he will be extradited back to Bahrain.

In its statement defending the detention of Hakeem Ali Mohamed Ali Al-Araibi, the ministry said he was arrested by Suvarnabhumi Immigration officers on arrival from Australia on November 27 in accordance with the Immigration Act 1979.

It said the detention was in response to a “red notice” from Interpol’s Australian office based on a formal request from the Bahraini government.

Al-Araibi is a fugitive convicted of criminal offences under Bahraini law.

The Immigration Bureau said he had been remanded for 12 days from December 3 to give authorities time to examine documents submitted by Bahrain.

The 25-year-old footballer was granted refugee status in Australia in 2017 and has spoken out about being arrested and beaten at the start of Arab Spring-style protests in the gulf state in 2012.

He was convicted in absentia on charges of vandalising a police station, but he claims he was playing a match overseas at the time of the alleged offence.

The Foreign Ministry said the Attorney General could within 60 days of his arrest apply to the court for his extradition.

“Once the case is under its purview, the court shall proceed with its stipulated procedure, including thoroughly examining the extradition request as well as all related evidence and testimonies provided by the parties concerned,” the ministry said.

“Mr Hakeem has the right to provide the Court with his views, concerns and evidence.”

If the primary court rules to have him extradited, the footballer would also have the right to take the matter to the Court of Appeals.

“If an appeal petition is made, the extradition litigation process will be final only after the Court of Appeals has issued its ruling,” the ministry added.

The Bahrain Embassy submitted documents to the ministry on December 3. They were forwarded to the Office of the Attorney General as per procedure in the Extradition Act 2008.

Al-Araibi is currently at the Immigration Detention Centre in Suan Plu, Bangkok. He has been informed of the provisional arrest warrant and will be transferred to Bangkok Remand Prison.

Al-Araibi told Agence France-Presse he believed Bahrain was “very angry” with him for giving press interviews in 2016 about his treatment in custody.

“I’m not feeling well because I don’t know what’s going on,” he told the news agency on Tuesday, adding that he feared being killed if sent back to Bahrain.

He believes he was also targeted because he is Shiite and because of his brother’s political activism.