PM, council of economic ministers to find ways of rebooting country #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

PM, council of economic ministers to find ways of rebooting country

Econ

Jul 02. 2020Prime Minster Prayut Chan-o-cha has scheduled a meeting with the council of economic ministers on July 10 to discuss the country’s economic situation.Prime Minster Prayut Chan-o-cha has scheduled a meeting with the council of economic ministers on July 10 to discuss the country’s economic situation.

By THE NATION

Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha has called a meeting with the council of economic ministers on July 10 to discuss the state of Thailand’s economy, the council’s secretary-general Kobsak Pootrakul said on Thursday (July 2).

The meeting will also seek measures to assist small and medium-sized enterprises from the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak, he added.

Meanwhile, Deputy Prime Minister Somkid Jatusripitak on Thursday assigned the Revenue Department and the Fiscal Policy Office to come up with measures to encourage community-level tourism and woo big spenders. The measures should be ready by mid this month, he added.

Somkid has also asked the central bank to widen the opportunity for businesses to take bank loans.

Meanwhile, Finance Minister Uttama Savanayana said his ministry was thinking about asking the Thai Credit Guarantee Corporation to develop a credit guarantee project to help small businesses. This measure is expected to be ready in two weeks.

The Joint Standing Committee on Commerce, Industry and Banking revised itsforecast for Thailand’s economic growth on Wednesday, bringing it down from between -3 and -5 per cent to between -5 and -8 per cent.

The Bank of Thailand has also recently said that the country’s economy this year will contract 8.1 per cent, worst ever, because the Covid-19 crisis has had a greater impact on both the Kingdom’s and global economy.

Thanavath Phonvichai, president of the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce (UTCC), expects Thai gross domestic product (GDP) to show a 10-15 per cent contraction in the second quarter of this year, the period of lockdown when the economy felt the full impact of Covid-19.

He forecasts that the spending level of Thais will return to normal spending in a year’s time.

According to the university’s Economic and Business Forecasting survey, the consumer confidence index rose to 49.2 from the previous month’s score of 48.2. The rise coincided with phases 3 and 4 of lockdown easing.

The survey was conducted on 2,241 participants.

Positive factors affecting the results were the government’s relaxation of lockdown restrictions and launch of measures to ease burdens on consumers and businesses, Thanavath added.

Negative factors included public concern over the outbreak and weakened economy as well as the state of emergency extension.

People were also worried over the renewed trade war between the US and China, which threatens Thai exports.

Halt on travel may wipe out tourism dependant nations: UNCTAD #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

Halt on travel may wipe out tourism dependant nations: UNCTAD

Econ

Jul 02. 2020Photo credit: freepikPhoto credit: freepik

By The Nation

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) estimates that for every US$1 million a country loses in tourism revenue its national income can drop by up to $3 million and have a dramatic effect on local employment.

Globally, the tourism sector could lose at least $1.2 trillion or 1.5 per cent of the world’s GDP now that travel has come to a virtual standstill for nearly four months due to the Covid-19 pandemic, an UNCTAD report published on Wednesday (July 1) said.

In the report, UNCTAD warned that the loss could rise to $2.2 trillion or 2.8 per cent of the global GDP if the halt on tourism lasts for eight months, and as much as $3.3 trillion or 4.2 per cent of global GDP if travel is halted for 12 months.

Tourism is the backbone of many countries and a lifeline for millions around the world, having more than tripled in value from $490 billion to $1.6 trillion in the last two decades, according to the UN World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO). However, the Covid-19 pandemic has brought travel to a halt, causing severe economic consequences globally.

Prevailing lockdown measures in some countries, travel restrictions, reduction in consumers’ disposable income and low confidence levels could significantly slow down the sector’s recovery, UNCTAD said.

“These numbers are a clear reminder of something we often seem to forget: the economic importance of the sector and its role as a lifeline for millions of people all around the world,” said Pamela Coke-Hamilton, UNCTAD’s director of international trade.

“For many countries, like small island developing states, a collapse in tourism means a collapse in their development prospects. This is not something we can afford.”

Developing countries could suffer the steepest GDP losses and Jamaica and Thailand stan out in this, losing 11 per cent and 9 per cent of GDP in the most optimistic scenario. Other tourism hotspots like Kenya, Egypt and Malaysia could lose over 3 per cent of their GDP.

Even rich countries are also feeling the pinch. Many popular European and American destinations, including France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United States may lose billions of dollars due to the dramatic drop in international tourism, UNCTAD forecasts.

Changes in GDP: 15 most affected countries, moderate scenario

Changes in GDP: 15 most affected countries, moderate scenario

Impact on other sectors, jobs and wages

Tourism accounts for a significant share of the global GDP and more than half of many countries’ national income. The coronavirus-induced losses in tourism are having a knock-on effect on other sectors that supply goods and services to tourists, such as food, beverages and entertainment.

Hence, UNCTAD estimates that for every $1 million lost in international tourism revenue, a country’s national income may decline by between $2 million and $3 million.

The massive drop in tourist arrivals has also left a growing number of people unemployed or with less income.

UNCTAD estimates show that in the worst-affected countries, such as Thailand, Jamaica and Croatia, employment for unskilled workers could drop at double-digit rates even in the most moderate scenario. Meanwhile, in terms of wages for skilled workers, the steepest drops were seen in Thailand (12 per cent), Jamaica (11 per cent) and Croatia (9 per cent) in the most optimistic scenario.

The effects could be worse for women who are expected to be disproportionately affected by layoffs in tourism due to Covid-19, the report said.

Women are more likely to run tourism businesses and make up about 54 per cent of workers in the accommodation and food services sectors. Since many women in the sector work informally in low-skilled jobs, they are unlikely to have unemployment benefits or other safety nets.

“This is why women are particularly hard hit in this crisis. And this is why policies that help protect the sector also protect the economic empowerment that many of these women have long fought for,” Coke-Hamilton said.

Recovery support needed

UNCTAD, meanwhile, is calling for stronger social protection in affected nations to prevent worse economic hardship for people and communities that depend on tourism.

It is urging governments to protect workers, and design subsidies to help workers move to new industries if their workplace is unlikely to recover.

Government should also help tourism companies facing the risk of bankruptcy, like hotels and airlines. One approach may be low-interest loans or grants, the report states.

UNCTAD is also calling on the international community to support access to funding for the hardest-hit countries.

Trade Negotiations Dept targeting 11 FTAs #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

Trade Negotiations Dept targeting 11 FTAs

Econ

Jul 02. 2020

By The Nation

The government is planning to boost Thailand’s international trade by signing bilateral free-trade pacts with three countries over the next two years.

Trade Negotiations Department director general Auramon Supthaweethum said the department was targeting the following free trade agreements (FTAs) as it prepared its 2022 budget.

1. The Thailand-Pakistan FTA, delayed by political developments in Pakistan after nine rounds of talks.

2. The Thailand-Turkey FTA, with the 7th round of talks due in Turkey this December.

3. The Thai-Sri Lanka FTA, delayed by elections in Sri Lanka after two rounds of talks.

Meanwhile, ongoing talks on the 15-member Regional Economic Partnership (RCEP) covering Asia-Pacific trade are set to conclude this month, with proposals put to the Cabinet in October ahead of the signing in Vietnam next year.

The Trade Negotiations Department will also prepare frameworks for talks on FTAs with the Eurasian Economic Union, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Bangladesh, the UK, Hong Kong, and separate Asean and Thailand pacts with the European Union. Budget will also be reserved to study whether Thailand should join the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-pacific Partnership (CPTPP).

Hospital stocks boosted by return of medical tourists #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

Hospital stocks boosted by return of medical tourists

Econ

Jul 02. 2020

By The Nation

Private hospital share prices are recovering after the government’s fifth phase of lockdown easing allowed foreigners to visit Thailand for medical treatment, said experts.

Parin Kitchatornpitak, an analyst at KGI Securities (Thailand), said that the price of hospital stocks is likely to increase after the Centre for Covid-19 Situation Administration (CCSA) lifted the restriction on medical tourists.

“According to the CCSA, 30,000 to 50,000 foreigners are set to undergo medical treatment in Thailand, after submitting travel itineraries and undergoing 14-day quarantine,” he said.

The government’s move to ban foreign arrivals from April hit hospitals hard, since foreign patients contribute anything from 10 per cent to 60 per cent of their revenue.

“However, we expect shares in hospitals that receive revenue from foreign patients to increase significantly from the fourth quarter of this year onwards, as countries ease their lockdown measures and a Covid-19 vaccine comes available,” he added.

Meanwhile, Apaporn Sawangpak, head of research at DBS Vickers Securities (Thailand), said that a collaboration between hospital network Bangkok Dusit Medical Services (BDMS) and China’s Ping An Health insurers will draw up to 4,000 Chinese medical tourists per year.

“BDMS expects this collaboration to generate up to Bt2 billion per year in revenue,” she said.

She explained that prior to the Covid-19 outbreak, 70 per cent of BDMS revenue came from Thai patients, and 30 per cent from foreigners.

“Most foreign patients came from the Middle East, followed by Japan, Myanmar and China,” she said.

She expects BDMS performance to improve in the second half of this year in response to the lockdown easing.

B&G Park bets on bright future for premium office space despite Covid-19 setback #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

B&G Park bets on bright future for premium office space despite Covid-19 setback

Jul 02. 2020

By THE NATION

B&G Park Co Ltd (B&G), a developer of commercial real estate projects, aims to make its brand a leader within Asean in office building and hotel real estate development.

It plans to raise funds in the third quarter of the year after the Security Exchange Commission (SEC)’s approval to set up BG Real Estate Investment Trust.

The company is confident that the demand for office buildings will continue to grow despite the change in work behaviour and in choosing the size of rental spaces due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Theprit Srichawla, director of B&G, said the company specialised in commercial real estate development branching into two main groups — tourism and hotels — at home and abroad,. They include Avani Hua Hin Resort & Villas and office buildings such as Interchange 21 building in the heart of the Asoke-Sukhumvit CBD area near the BTS Asoke Station and MRT Sukhumvit Station.

Theprit said the trend of office buildings for the rent market after the Covid-19 outbreak could change as some businesses may reduce their investment. But the demand for office space rental will remain albeit in a different format. This may be in the form of reduced floor area to suit the work-from-home behavioural trend, he added.

Theprit Srichawla

Theprit Srichawla

He said the company has been well prepared and had made adjustments prior to the crisis through a strategy to manage office rental space, and to have close and regular communication with tenants. In addition, the company has concluded that to reset rental prices to compete with other operators of office buildings for rent is not a proper strategy in the present environment. “The more ideal solution would be to provide convenience and services that will support the tenants’ operations,” Theprit said.

“During this period, the company adopted active measures to help the tenants by arranging office areas. The building had a variety of businesses that were small tenants, and the company helped the tenants affected by the imposition of the emergency decree by waiving the rents… The company has reduced the rents on a case-by-case basis to provide flexibility that would allow the tenants to carry on with their businesses. These support measures are expected to end soon. Therefore, this situation will not significantly impact the tenants in their ability to rent the office spaces and we are confident that this will not affect the investment of the BGREIT that will occur in the near future,” Theprit added.

Lately, the company has set up a trust fund to raise capital for the Interchange 21 project.

The SEC has started its consideration of the initial public offering application and the filing of B&G Leasehold Real Estate Investment Trust (BGREIT). B&G REIT Management Co Ltd, a B&G subsidiary, will manage the trust fund while Siam Commercial Bank Plc will be the financial adviser. BGREIT will initially invest in the Interchange 21 project for approximately 25 years with registered capital of not more than Bt8.043 billion, consisting of Bt6.543 billion in raised funds and Bt1.5 billion in long-term loans. The company is expected to be approved for listing on the Stock Exchange of Thailand within the third quarter of 2020.

New cloud tech simplifies WiFi security for SMEs #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

New cloud tech simplifies WiFi security for SMEs

Jul 01. 2020

By THE NATION

Internet security for small and mid-sized businesses (SMBs) has been beefed up with the release of Zyxel Networks’ latest Nebula Cloud Networking Solution update.

The update features the industry’s first DPPSK for simplified WiFi security for SMBs, said Zyxel, enabling them to deliver cloud-manageable networking services via the Nebula.

The Nebula closes the security hole left by sharing WiFi passwords with guests or employees, instead offering cloud authentication enhancement through the Dynamic Personal Pre-Shared Key (DPPSK) feature – the first time this has been made available to the SMB market.

With DPPSK, each user is given a unique WiFi password, said the firm. With the tap of a button, passwords can be customised to expire or last for a particular timeframe, making management of WiFi access for multiple users simple, convenient, and secure.

“Zyxel’s enhanced Nebula provides SMBs with the tools they need to easily and securely onboard visitors, guests or employees to their WiFi,” said Jonas Dekkers, co-founder of the Wiflex project from Complit Networks in Belgium. 

“We applaud Zyxel Networks for opening their API to MSPs, giving our customers, and a far wider range of SMBs, the opportunity to achieve more secure, easy, and cloud-manageable WiFi onboarding services for their businesses. We already created our own cloud-based onboarding solution for guests [visitor registration] and employees based on Azure and G Suite with the unique DPPSK feature of Zyxel.”

The June Nebula release also features the Zyxel GS1350 series of surveillance switches. The switch boasts extended range, with all PoE ports supporting data transmission up to 250 metres to allow for deployment at a distance. Meanwhile, businesses can reduce downtime with the Auto PD Recovery feature to easily restart a malfunctioning power device. All of which, says Zyxel, allows network admins to save resources and more easily manage their CCTV networks through the cloud without having to send field engineers to visit each site.

The firm adds that the Nebula’s new SSID NAT function enables small businesses to set up Nebula-compatible access points (APs) as a router or gateway capable of assigning IP addresses to wireless clients, such as customer or staff phones and laptops, reducing the overhead of additional network infrastructure for many small businesses.

Other products available under the updated Nebula include new WiFi 6 APs (WAX610D, NWA210AX), XS1930 multi-gigabit switches and GS2220 aggregation switches, adding up to a total of 52 devices to its product portfolio. For more info, visit http://www.zyxel.com/nebula.

Nebula Cloud Networking solution allows you to control and manage Zyxel’s native and compatible Nebula access points, switches and gateways, all from one place with ease.

Dtac launches pharmacy e-vouchers to broaden healthcare access #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

Dtac launches pharmacy e-vouchers to broaden healthcare access

Jul 01. 2020How Lih Ren, Chief Marketing Officer (2nd from right), and Sukannee Lertsukwibul, Head of Prepaid Market and Product at Total Access Communications Plc or dtac (left) Cindy Kua, Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Sunday Ins Co (right), and Teera Kanokkanjanarat, CEO and co-founder of Arincare Co (2nd from left)How Lih Ren, Chief Marketing Officer (2nd from right), and Sukannee Lertsukwibul, Head of Prepaid Market and Product at Total Access Communications Plc or dtac (left) Cindy Kua, Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Sunday Ins Co (right), and Teera Kanokkanjanarat, CEO and co-founder of Arincare Co (2nd from left)

By THE NATION

Amid growing concern over health and financial hardship, dtac is tackling the issues of self-medication and fake drugs by making visits to the pharmacy more affordable.

Dtac’s Jaidee pharmacy vouchers are valid at participating pharmacies and can be purchased at discounts of 50%.

Under this scheme, both prepaid and post-paid dtac customers can purchase vouchers worth up to Bt200 for Bt89, while vouchers worth up to Bt300 cost only Bt150. The e-vouchers can then be redeemed at participating drug stores by showing the confirmation SMS. The campaign lasts until December 31, 2020. For more information, visit www.dtac.co.th/s/Evoucher.

Certified pharmacies nationwide can apply to join the project at http://bit.ly/arincare or dial (064) 226 6888 for details.

How Lih Ren, Chief Marketing Officer at Total Access Communications Plc (dtac), said: “Dtac starts from the challenges our customers face in their daily lives and then looks for solutions that empower them. Jaidee pharmacy vouchers bring health and peace of mind to customers who are often outside of the healthcare system.”

During the peak time of Covid-19 between February and April, a survey showed that 60% of Thais visited drug stores to seek medical advice and get information on disease prevention.

The vast majority of dtac customers use prepaid packages, and most of them are low-income earners. They feel financial insecurity and are concerned about the economic downturn, income reduction, unemployment and a higher cost of living fuelled by medical costs. Dtac customers can buy e-vouchers via USSD, before showing the confirmation SMS and collecting medications at participating drug stores.

There two options for prepaid customers: First, buy an Bt89 e-voucher (VAT exclusive) and get up to Bt200 in credit via *496*51#. Second, buy a Bt150 e-voucher (VAT exclusive) and get up to Bt300 in credit via *496*52#. The offer is limited to four times per month per person.

Post-paid customers can buy a Bt150 e-voucher (VAT exclusive) and get up to Bt300 in credit via *496*52#. The offer is limited to four times per month per person.

Customers will get an e-voucher code via SMS, which will last seven days. The voucher is non-refundable and cannot be exchanged for cash.

For further information, please visit www.dtac.co.th/s/Evoucher

“The campaign for Jaidee pharmacy vouchers is initiated by dtac in collaboration with insurance tech startup Sunday Ins, and the digital platform for pharmacists and drugstores, Arincare. To date, customers can redeem e-voucher at more than 400 drug stores nationwide. Dtac aims to expand the offer to every district within this year and eventually reach every sub-district. The effort aims to give customers easy access to healthcare services everywhere in Thailand,” said How.

IMPACT reopens for large-scale events under the new normal #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

IMPACT reopens for large-scale events under the new normal

Jun 30. 2020

By The Nation

Big-time event organiser, IMPACT Exhibition Management Co Ltd, is reopening IMPACT Muang Thong Thani under the new normal with an emphasis on “smart” and maximum safety provided by UVC sterilisation units.

The 140,000 square metre convention centre, the largest in Southeast Asia, has been inspected by government officials and given the go-ahead for events in the third and fourth quarters.

During the three-month Covid-19 lockdown, IMPACT implemented precautionary and preventive measures in line with guidelines issued by the government, including ensuring a 4sqm space between people during meetings, workshops or seminars, 1-metre space between attendees of parties, product launches, contests and sports competitions and 5sqm space between those attending music events or concerts.

IMPACT has also prepared guidelines for visitors to follow in different areas of the complex.

Apart from this, IMPACT is also offering customers the option of holding virtual seminars. In line with the government’s policy of controlling crowd density, the space for holding meetings has dropped sharply. However, with IMPACT’s new hybrid system, participants have the option of registering for physical or virtual attendance. This way, meetings can accommodate anything from 100 to 3,000 participants.

Equipment such as cameras will be provided at these meetings and technical staff will also be at hand to provide assistance.

So far, more than 20 events have been scheduled for the rest of the year, including gatherings of government agencies, a shareholder’s meeting as well as exhibitions held by the public and private sectors, such as the Mid-Year Sale and Bangkok Motor Show, which are expected to attract huge crowds.

“One of the largest events that people have been looking forward to is the 41st Bangkok International Motor Show, which will be held from July 15 to 26. This will be one of the largest events after the Covid-19 lockdown, and we hope visitors adhere strictly to the Covid-19 preventive measures. This event will become a model for future ones,” said Paul Kanjanapas, managing director of IMPACT Exhibition Management Co Ltd and an executive of IMPACT Muang Thong Thani.

Sri Trang Gloves shares soar in first IPO since Covid-19 #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

Sri Trang Gloves shares soar in first IPO since Covid-19

Corporate

Jul 02. 2020

By The Nation

Shares in Sri Trang Gloves (Thailand) (STGT) soared to 75 per cent of their initial public offering (IPO) price on their opening day of trading today, in the Stock Exchange of Thailand’s first IPO since the Covid-19 outbreak.

The company’s shares hit a high of Bt60.25, from their IP0 price of Bt34, before falling back to Bt57.5 by the end of the morning session – up 69.12 per cent from the IPO price.

Sri Trang is the world’s third largest producer and distributor of rubber gloves for medical and industrial use, churning out more than 32.5 billion gloves per year.

A subsidiary of Sri Trang Agro Industry (STA), Sri Trang Gloves was created from the merger of rubber glove manufacturing and distribution companies to support business expansion.

STA plans to use the estimated Bt15 billion raised from the listing to expand its production of rubber gloves worth about Bt11 billion. STA will hold 50.7 per cent of STGT shares after the IPO.

Boeing minimized to FAA the importance of flight control system, report finds #ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย

#ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

Boeing minimized to FAA the importance of flight control system, report finds

Corporate

Jul 02. 2020

By The Washington Post · Ian Duncan, Michael laris, Lori Aratani · NATIONAL, BUSINESS, CONGRESS, TRANSPORTATION 
WASHINGTON – Boeing repeatedly downplayed to federal regulators the importance of a flight control system that would later be implicated in the fatal crashes of two 737 Max jets, according to an inspector general’s report released Wednesday.

The watchdog’s review concluded that Boeing decided as early as 2013 to portray the new automated feature as simply a modification of the plane’s existing controls – a decision in keeping with the company’s goal of minimizing the new training pilots would need on the aircraft, saving its customers money.

But the feature, known as the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), continued to evolve during the plane’s development, becoming more powerful, and staff members with the Federal Aviation Administration told auditors that they made key decisions about the feature without knowing that it had been altered. What’s more, the final flight tests of the Max’s control systems in late 2016, just a few months before the FAA granted the plane its final blessing, included some tests using the old, less powerful, version of the feature because Boeing was continuing to update it. 

The result of those and other decisions meant FAA officials signed off on a system without a clear sense of how it worked and instead chose to focus on other areas regulators deemed high risk during the certification process, including the aircraft’s larger engines and changes to its landing gear, the inspector general wrote.

The core of the inspector general’s interim report was a detailed timeline that reads like a compendium of missed opportunities that resulted in tragedy.

In response, the FAA pointed to a letter from the Department of Transportation outlining several improvements that are being made in the agency’s policies and procedures.

Boeing, in a statement, said: “We appreciate the Inspector General’s efforts in reviewing the 737 MAX design and certification process, with which we have cooperated fully and extensively.”

“Since the accidents, multiple committees and governmental authorities have examined issues related to the MAX, and in response to their findings and our own internal reviews, we have made substantial changes within our company to further enhance our commitment to safety. We are committed to transparency with the FAA during all aspects of the airplane certification process, and have made significant changes to improve our support to that regulatory process,” the company said.

The release of the report comes the same week that FAA pilots and staff from Boeing completed a series of test flights on the Max, which has been grounded worldwide since March 2019 following the two crashes. The flights are seen as a key step for Boeing to win certification of the aircraft, but a number of other requirements must be met, including the evaluation of data gathered from the three days of testing.

The inspector general offered no recommendations, saying those may be included in future reviews of pilot training requirements, the FAA’s oversight of the certification process and other related matters.

The inspector general reviews also chronicled the FAA’s oversight of Boeing under a system known as Organization Designation Authorization, which gives manufacturers such as Boeing broad powers to perform much of the certification work for their own aircraft. The inspector general had, before the two Max crashes, identified deficiencies in the FAA’s oversight of its delegation system, and the details outlined in its latest report point to additional shortcomings. For example, the report notes that the FAA’s Boeing Aviation Safety Oversight Office has just 42 employees to oversee Boeing’s 1,500 representatives.

The two fatal 737 Max crashes happened less than five months apart – the first on Oct. 29, 2018, off the coast of Indonesia, and the second March 10, 2019, in Ethiopia – killing a total of 346 passengers and crew members. Crash investigators say a faulty reading from one of the planes’ sensors caused the MCAS to repeatedly activate, pushing the planes’ noses down and making it virtually impossible for the pilots in both incidents to regain control.

The tragedies damaged the reputation of one of the United States’ leading manufacturers and led to the ouster of its chief executive, Dennis Muilenburg, in December, as well as several other key company officials. It also led to scrutiny of the relationship between the FAA and the companies it is supposed to regulate. 

Company emails uncovered as part of a separate congressional investigation showed several instances in which employees bragged about “Jedi mind tricking” regulators and showed contempt for their own internal process. In one 2017 exchange, a Boeing employee wrote, “this airplane is designed by clowns who are in turn supervised by monkeys.” 

Boeing’s new leader, Dave Calhoun, has pledged to rebuild trust in the company, which has lost billions in revenue because of the Max crisis. 

Some of the concerns raised by the nonpartisan inspector general have been raised in other reports, but this latest examination offers the clearest summary of the actions taken by Boeing and the FAA throughout the certification process and in the aftermath of the two crashes. 

“I commend the DOT Office of the Inspector General for agreeing to take on this critically important examination of the FAA’s certification of the Boeing 737 MAX,” said Rep. Peter DeFazio, D-Ore., chairman of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, which has conducted five hearings on the Max. “This IG report reinforces some of the findings of our Committee’s ongoing investigation, which has revealed a number of disturbing patterns, including Boeing’s efforts to conceal critical information from regulators in its rush to get the MAX to market.”

DeFazio said his committee will release additional findings from its investigation.

In a joint statement, Reps. Sam Graves, R-Mo., and Garret Graves, R- La., minority leaders on the committee, said it is critical that lawmakers use the inspector general’s work and findings from other groups as Congress moves forward on possible changes. 

“This is just the first step in the OIG’s process, but this report shows the FAA’s certification process at the time was followed and decisions made were based upon certain assumptions that we now know must be reevaluated by the FAA and Boeing,” the lawmakers said. “In particular, we are very interested in the OIG’s continuing review of FAA’s processes for determining the certification basis, assessing pilot training needs, and conducting risk analyses.”

The inspector general’s report showed that the FAA did not sufficiently require complete, timely and trustworthy information from Boeing.

Boeing did not communicate its own formal risk assessment to the FAA regarding the automated feature until a few months before the FAA certified the Max, the report found.

“According to FAA management, it is not unusual for manufacturers to complete and submit the safety assessments toward the end of the certification process,” according to the report. 

And even then, the FAA relied on flawed Boeing findings. The company did not anticipate “catastrophic” results from a failure of the automated feature, the report said. As a consequence, neither Boeing nor the FAA called for installing key safety redundancies, which experts say could have saved the planes.

An FAA spokesman declined to respond directly, referring instead to a response from a deputy to Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao.

The report points to “some strengths in FAA’s aircraft certification process, as well as areas for improvement,” General Counsel Steven Bradbury told the inspector general in a letter last month. 

Bradbury said the “FAA anticipates strengthening coordination” among agency officials responsible for certification, “as well as enhancing its human factors, flight controls, and system safety expertise to address weaknesses that led to an incomplete understanding of MCAS prior to certification.”

Sen. Roger Wicker, R-Miss., chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, which oversees aviation, and ranking Democrat Sen. Maria Cantwell of Washington state, have jointly introduced legislation that would strengthen the FAA’s oversight of Boeing employees who conduct safety work on behalf of the agency and ensure that government and company employees are free to communicate with one another. The bill would also require the FAA to rethink its approach to evaluating the risks posed when automated flight systems and human pilots have to work together.

Previous reviews of the Max crashes have concluded that the agency and Boeing did not anticipate the difficulty some pilots would have overriding the MCAS if it failed. 

House Democrats also are expected to introduce legislation following an extensive investigation into Boeing and the FAA. An interim report they released branded the agency as “grossly insufficient” in its initial review of the Max and blamed Boeing for having a “culture of concealment.”

Meanwhile, the FAA continues to move forward with test flights in the Seattle area. The flights are an important step toward approving the Max to resume flying. The planes are being put through a set of maneuvers and emergency procedures to test whether changes Boeing made after the crashes meet the FAA’s standards.

FAA Administrator Steve Dickson has said that the coronavirus pandemic has not slowed the agency’s work in reviewing the Max. But he told members of Congress recently that convening a panel involving pilots from around the world, another important step in the process, could be challenging. Dickson has said he will personally fly a Max before signing off on ungrounding it.

“The report reinforces concerns that have been raised by the Commerce Committee, including Boeing’s lack of candor during the certification process, FAA’s questionable oversight of critical safety systems, and the FAA’s response after the Lion Air crash,” Wicker said. “Although the IG report does not include recommendations, it does provide a factual basis for further consideration of bipartisan aviation safety legislation that Senator Cantwell and I have introduced.”