Veerathai Santiprabhob, governor of the Bank of Thailand, meanwhile offered assurance that the closing of bond funds can be contained after four were shut.

Somkid said he had asked Finance Minister Uttama Savanayana to prepare to issue an emergency decree authorising the borrowing of at least Bt200 billion.

The announcement came after Somkid met with Uttama, Veerathai and other senior officials and bankers to discuss additional relief to offset the virus’ impact.

The pandemic is expected to enter its third stage in Thailand soon, represented by far great numbers of local transmissions.

The government has already launched two relief packages.

The central bank has predicted that economic growth would contract by 5.3 per cent this year, roughly half the amount seen in 1997 at the beginning of the Asian financial crisis.

However, the virus’ impact is expected to be greater, affecting people in all walks of life rather than just the banking sector, property firms and corporations, Somkid said.

The Finance Ministry will use the money borrowed to support every corner of society.

The International Monetary Fund allows member-countries to borrow substantial amounts to deal with the virus fallout, he said.

The money will also be used to restructure the economy so that Thailand is less dependent on exports, Somkid said. The government and private companies such as PTT have to help boost small businesses.

Uttama said the third relief package will be used to help all affected people and the overall economy.

Veerathai said the closure of four bond mutual funds will be go no further as the remaining 60 bond mutual funds remain solid and are backed up by the central bank’s credit facility. The four bond mutual funds managed by TMBAM Eastspring invested largely in foreign assets, while the rest invest in local assets, he said, referring to investors’ rush to redeem their investment units, leading to the closure of the four funds.

To prevent rising bad debt in the banking sector, the central bank has relaxed its loan reserve requirements to help banks implement debt restructuring with borrowers.

The central bank also issued guidelines for banks on debt suspension, lower interest and extending debt repayment periods for individual debtors, Veerathai said.

Securities and Exchange Commission general secretary Ruenvadee Suwanmongkol added that investors who hold units in the 60 surviving bond mutual funds should not worry because those funds largely invest in government bonds and investment-grade local corporate bonds.

Their investments are protected by central bank’s lending facility, which is designed to support the bond market.

Meanwhile, Predee Daochai, president of the Thai Bankers’ Association, said that, in the interest of curbing the virus outbreak, people should send their complaints to banks online and not seek counter service.

He said commercial banks are ready to offer loans under the Government Savings Bank-supported Bt150 billion loans programme, which charges small and mid-sized businesses low interest rates. The loans are partially guaranteed by Thai Credit Guarantee Corp.

Thailand has joined a global effort to cushion the impact of the virus. Germany has launched an $800 billion (Bt26 trillion) package and the US $2.2 trillion, and Japan’s financial assistance to support business totals 1.6 trillion yen.

The IEA expected global oil demand to drop by up to 20 million barrels per day, as more than 3 billion people worldwide were prohibited from travelling and stayed at home due to various measures by many countries to contain the spread of the Covid-19 virus.

The US announced it would suspend the plan to purchase 30 million barrels of oil for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve which is part of the US measure to buy oil from small and medium oil producers in countries affected by the decline in oil prices. This measure was suspended because the US Congress did not approve the budget of up to US$2 billion.

The US government’s $2-trillion economic stimulus measure and quantitative easing (QE) bond purchase programme helped relieve investor concerns.

Benzene fuel prices rose in contrast with Dubai crude oil after US benzene fuel reserves dropped, while oil demand was still under pressure from the Covid-19 outbreak.

Diesel fuel prices rose lower than Dubai crude oil after diesel fuel demand dropped due to the lockdown in India to contain the spread of Covid-19 virus while oil refineries in the Middle East resumed operations, leading to oversupply.

A stock analyst at Krungsri Securities explained that the SET Index on Thursday (March 26) had closed at 1,092, up 11.93 points or 1.10 per cent, with transactions totalling Bt62 billion after the US White House and Senate reached an agreement in a US$2-trillion bill to relieve the burden of Americans and businesses affected by the Covid-19 outbreak.

“Meanwhile, investors bought stocks whose prices had fallen sharply, such as financial, banks and tourism, which supported the market,” the analyst said.

“However, investors made net sales of Bt1.949 billion in stocks and Bt426 million in the bond market. There are 17,484 net long TFEX contracts.”

The analyst expected the index to fluctuate at between 1,080 and 1,100.

“The market gained support from governments worldwide issuing measures to deal with the Covid-19 impact. The European Parliament approved a 37-billion euro emergency fund to help European airlines, while the US House of Representatives will vote on the $2-trillion bill before forwarding it to US President Donald Trump for final approval,” the stock analyst said.

“Meanwhile, funds’ move for window dressing to close the net asset value in the first quarter of this year would be a positive sentiment for investment.

“However, crude oil price dropped after the US suspended its plan to purchase 30 million barrels of oil for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and the volatility due to the change in TFEX Series from H20 to M20 which will make a last trade on March 30 and would pressure the index to fall.”

The analyst recommended investors to make selective buys from three groups of stocks:

● ICT stocks which benefit from work from home trends, such as ADVANC, INTUCH, and DTAC.

● Retail stocks, which benefit from people hoarding products during the Covid-19 situation, such as CPALL and BJC.

● Food stocks, which would benefit from the weakening baht, such as CPF and TU.

As of 9.27am, the buying price of a gold bar was Bt24,500 per baht weight and selling price Bt24,800, while the buying price of gold ornaments was Bt24,058.92 per baht weight and selling price Bt25,300.

The prices rose from Thursday’s close (March 26) when the buying price of a gold bar was Bt24,250 and selling price Bt24,550, while the buying price of gold ornaments was Bt23,816.36 and selling price Bt25,050.

Gold contracts in COMEX futures to be delivered in April spiked by US$4.90 to $1,649 per ounce at close on Thursday as investors turned to buy gold as a safe haven asset after the US revealed that the number of people registering for unemployment welfare rose to the highest in history.

Moreover, gold gained positive sentiment from the weakening dollar that caused the gold contracts price to be cheap for investors who hold other currencies.

The US Ministry of Labour revealed that Americans who registered for unemployment welfare rose to 3.28 million people last week, more than the expected 1.5 million people, the highest ever surpassing the 695,000 people during the 1982 financial crisis.

The huge increase was due to many businesses closing down amid the Covid-19 outbreak, resulting in many employees getting laid off.

Meanwhile, the US House of Representatives will debate and vote on a historic US$2-trillion bill to mitigate the economic impact of Covid-19 on Friday after the Senate voted in favour with 96-0 votes.

US President Donald Trump said he was ready to sign this bill if it were approved by the US House of Representatives.

A strategist at YLG Bullion and Futures advised investors to buy when the gold price rises between US$1,594 and $1,585 per ounce, while taking profit when the price drops to between $1,646 and $1,651 per ounce.

“We evaluate the support line at between 1,523 to 1,585 and resistance line at between 1,644 and 1,689,” the strategist said.

“We recommended following the US disclosure of Core Personal Consumption Expenditure, personal expenditure and personal income.”

Meanwhile an economist has suggested the government may need to borrow Bt800 billion-Bt1 trillion to offset the impact of the Covid-19 virus.

Uttama said on Thursday (March 26) the ministry was preparing an emergency decree to borrow money to relieve the hardest-hit sectors of the economy.

“We will determine how much money is needed to tackle the issue,” he told reporters.

An emergency decree from the Finance Ministry would be the second this week following the government’s imposition of a state of emergency from Thursday through April 30.

Uttama’s move also comes after the Bank of Thailand predicted that the economy would contract by 5.3 per cent this year, a drop from its previous forecast.

Uttama said the central bank’s assessment reflected the current situation, but the ministry will be closely watching how the impact of the crisis evolves.

It will consult state agencies about reallocating their shares of the fiscal 2020 budget to keep the focus on the pandemic’s impact, he said. They might have to reallocate 10 per cent of funding to dealing with it directly.

The Transport Ministry will be consulted on measures needed to rescue Thai Airways International, the national flag carrier, which has been severely hurt by flight cancellations, Uttama said.

The estimate that the government might have to borrow Bt800 billion-Bt1 trillion to undo the damage caused by Covid-19 came from Pipat Luangnarumitchai, assistant managing director at Phathra Securities, in an interview with The Nation.

He noted that the US Senate on Thursday approved an historic stimulus package worth $2.2 trillion, an amount equivalent to about 10 per cent of America’s gross domestic product.

Pipat said the Thai government should give top priority to containing the outbreak by mobilising medical resources for testing, screening, quarantine and treatment.

It also must provide relief for businesses and workers. Businesses are dealing with cash-flow shortages due to both the virus outbreak and state-imposed lockdown measures.

And it should inject more liquidity into the market, as the US and countries in Europe are doing.

Washington has earmarked $420 billion worth of loans and is guaranteeing initial losses up to 10 per cent.

The US Federal Reserve will use the fund to float financial institutions – at a cost that could eventually reach $4 trillion, Pipat said.

The Thai government might have to similarly partially guarantee commercial banks’ loans to businesses.

The Bank of Thailand might have to join the government in providing soft loans, Pipat added. It recently launched a debt-restructuring programme for businesses and individuals and has established loan sources for the bond market.

With every passing second, we learn more about how the coronavirus eviscerated the U.S. economy, thanks to the cottage industry that has sprung up around tracking the crisis in real time. These new sources are being widely cited as traditional economic data lags and the public and policymakers grow desperate for numbers.

In one such effort, Carl Bialik, data science editor at the online review giant Yelp, measured how consumer interest – visiting pages, writing reviews, posting photos – in the site’s 500 largest categories changed from the beginning of March, when the country had fewer than 100 cases of the coronavirus, to early this week, when cases neared 50,000.

It reveals an inverted world. People are less interested in mortgage and tax services, and more interested in payday loans. Interest in amusement parks has cratered; interest in rifle ranges has soared.

The fastest-rising categories sound like a checklist to prepare for post-apocalyptic survival. People are seeking out weapons, hunting and fishing supplies, and fitness gear, while stockpiling water, meat, pharmaceuticals and groceries.

Among the more hopeful indicators? The surge in interest in community-supported agriculture, which was already reported by Theresa Davis in the Albuquerque Journal.

“Working with the earth and having as few hands as possible touch our produce feels good right now,” Andrea Romero of Tierra Sagrada Farm told the Albuquerque Journal.

The fastest-falling categories, meanwhile, confirm what we already knew about this service industry-driven downturn. As governments continue to restrict Americans’ movements in a bid to slow the spread of the coronavirus, retail and food services are taking it hard. For businesses that rely heavily on bar sales, from breweries to gastropubs, customer interest has evaporated.

Entertainment is getting walloped as well, with amusement parks and bowling alleys both among the 15 segments hit hardest. Establishments such as these have been among the first to be closed by states as they batten the hatches in preparation for an outbreak.

How rapidly have things changed? As of Monday, the ratio of dine-in to takeout searches on the site was 83 times higher than it had been in the first week of March.

Google searches show the same trend. On the search engine, “takeout” overtook “reservations” around March 17. As with all of the new generation of real-time sources, we try to confirm patterns with multiple sources, and look at the direction and magnitude of the change rather than at precise levels.

Yelp paints a portrait of a country struggling to adjust to new emergency restrictions. By their measure of social distancing, which focuses on peoples’ activity at businesses, there are big differences in the patterns of peoples’ business-related activity – even in places with similar infection levels.

Activity in the sectors hit hardest in New York and California has fallen to about half of where Yelp would expect them to be at this point in a normal year. Meanwhile, other states with high caseloads, particularly southern ones, such as Florida, are seeing much smaller declines.

According to a report from the left-leaning Economic Policy Institute, the South’s ability to respond to the pandemic has been hamstrung by a lack of paid sick leave policies, and the refusal of most Southern states to expand Medicaid.

Vachira Arromdee, assistant governor, assured the bond market that central bank’s loans were adequate for mutual fund managers seeking liquidity via commercial banks.

She said bond investors should not rush to redeem their investment during a sell-off , given the very low rate of return.

Her comment came after TMBAM Eastspring announced on Thursday (March 26) that it had closed down two mutual funds, Thana Permpoon and Thana Paiboon, to avoid further losses to the investment of unit-holders.

The central bank launched its mutual fund liquidity facility (MFLF) on Sunday and promised to inject more than Bt1 trillion into the bond market if needed. The facility covers money market funds and daily fixed-income funds, thus its coverage extends to all bond mutual funds, she said, adding that fund managers could utilise this facility via commercial banks.

She also reassured investors that investment management companies had adequate collaterals for seeking loans under the facility from commercial banks. The central bank, she said , stands ready to provide loans to boost the confidence of investors while impact from closures of the two funds would be contained.

The central bank had started to provide loans but found few applicants, suggesting the market situation has already improved, she said.

Earlier, the Asian Development Bank said that local currency bonds in emerging Asia were facing liquidity problem as investors were concerned over impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

In the coming days, a massive allocation shift will take place as portfolio managers and corporate treasuries gear up for quarter-end, an event which often feeds into greenback strength. The worry on Wall Street is that it threatens to help reignite dollar demand and make the currency’s three-day losing streak through Thursday more of a pause than lasting pullback.

Already, rounds of Federal Reserve monetary support and a $2 trillion U.S. fiscal package in the works have failed to stamp out global dollar hoarding. Throw in a looming barrage of economic data that’s certain to be dire and it adds up yet more appreciation for the world’s reserve currency.

“We don’t think we’ve found a bottom in this crisis yet or the highs in the U.S. dollar,” said Zach Pandl, co-head of global currency and emerging-market strategy at Goldman Sachs Group Inc. “Given the sudden stop in the economy there could be some sticker shock around the incoming data over the next couple of weeks. The dollar will continue to benefit from safe-haven flows and other forces that have been lifting it.”

Thursday’s unemployment claims number was the first major data point to really show the unfolding hit of the virus to the largest economy. Claims surged to a record 3.28 million in the week ending March 21 from 282,000 a week earlier.

At the same time the extent of virus damage starts to show in data, Wells Fargo & Co. reckons the recent plunge in equities has left pension-fund portfolios so far out of balance that it will force them to dump about $40 billion in Treasuries and other debt before the month is out.

Even ignoring quarter-end, JPMorgan Chase & Co. was predicting pension and other investment funds would have to shift billions into equities to counter the historic rout.

These kinds of flows can create turmoil for currencies. The forum overseeing conduct on the $6.6-trillion-a-day foreign-exchange market warned on Thursday volatility may surge in the coming days.

“At the end of every month and even more so the end of every quarter, we tend to see strong corporate demand for the U.S. dollar,” said Athanasios Vamvakidis, head of G-10 foreign exchange strategy, Bank of America Merrill Lynch. “This seasonality is strong on our flows, particularly for end-quarter. Having said that, the global crisis may be a more important dollar driver now.”

The U.S. economic stimulus package is bigger than any seen before, but the fear in some corners is it may still fall short of what’s needed to prop up companies and Americans hit by the pandemic. Containing the outbreak has forced the economy to a sudden stop. Gross domestic product estimates vary wildly, but some economists project the worst drop in quarterly records dating back to 1947.

The dire outlook helped drive extreme moves earlier this quarter, and for some that means quarter-end flows could actually wind up capping dollar strength. The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index dropped 0.9% as of 10:20 a.m. in New York, heading for a third day of declines after notching 10 gains in a row.

Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou at JPMorgan says so many corporations and investors dived for the greenback as equity, credit and rates markets all crashed at once that flows inevitably have to come back the other way. Meanwhile, the Fed actions have relieved some of the strains that had been driving greenback strength.

“Quarter-ends sometimes sees funding squeezes and tend to benefit the dollar as a result but this is usually in September or December,” the strategist said. “This time the central bank backstops are so huge that I envisage no funding issues into quarter end. The opposite.”

The Fed has already expanded and extended its dollar swap lines to foreign central banks, and backstops both the money-market mutual fund and commercial-paper markets where businesses turn for short-term credit.

Yet despite a raft of actions drawn from the 2008 playbook, it is still struggling to meaningfully move the needle in the shortfall in dollar funding.

Sebastien Galy, senior macro strategist at Nordea Investment Funds SA in Luxembourg, sees the dollar rising to levels lofty enough to spark U.S. intervention to weaken it, even though he expects any such action to be unsuccessful. Goldman’s Pandl also has raised the specter of intervention.

“The reality is the U.S. might intervene just to make a point even as it’s hugely inefficient as a tool,” Galy said. “The dollar relative to most of the rest of the world is probably going to remain relatively stable.”

The pandemic continues to spread, raising the prospect of more safe-haven flows. Cases worldwide have topped 480,000 and the U.S. death toll has climbed above 1,000.

“We are still going to get a series of horrible economic numbers and that will send more flows into the dollar, even given possible quarter-end rebalancing effects,” said Marc Chandler, chief market strategist at Bannockburn Global Forex. “With over $12 trillion in global credit and supply chains funded in dollars, the monetary and fiscal support isn’t enough to end the demand.”

The S&P 500 extended its advance to as high as 4% in mid-morning, headed for its first three-day rally since February, with health stocks and utilities leading the way. Treasuries held gains and the dollar fell for a third day.

Jobless claims surged to a record 3.28 million Americans last week as businesses shut down to help prevent the spread of the virus. While the reading exceeded estimates, aid is on the way from the U.S. government to help offset the impact on workers and businesses. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell also sought to assure traders that the central bank wouldn’t run out of crisis-fighting ammunition.

“It’s no secret that times will be tough on the jobs front for the foreseeable future,” said Mike Loewengart, managing director of investment strategy at ETrade Financial. “The real question at hand now is if the current stimulus package is enough to give Americans the support they need.”

The claims data is one of the first major reports to show the extent of the damage to the American economy since states around the country began widespread business shutdowns aimed at preventing the coronavirus from spreading.

European stocks erased losses and edged higher. Sovereign debt rose after the region’s central bank announced it will scrap limits on bond purchases for its emergency program, a landmark decision that gives it almost unlimited firepower to fight the economic fallout from the virus. The euro strengthened as a gauge of the dollar headed for a third day falling.

The rescue measures across major economies are unprecedented, yet traders remain cognizant of the virus’s escalating toll. The world’s cases now top 451,000 with more than 20,000 deaths. The U.S. death toll topped 1,000.

“Investors need to remain vigilant about how the growth rate of new cases develops and how governments respond going forward,” said Oliver Blackbourn, a multi-asset portfolio manager at Janus Henderson Investors. “The support package should help to assuage the fears about the worst possible economic outcomes for individuals and companies.”

Elsewhere, oil declined after three days of gains. Gold rose. Emerging-market shares and currencies climbed.

These are the main moves in markets:

Stocks:

– The S&P 500 Index rose 3.2% as of 10:50 a.m. New York time.

– The Stoxx Europe 600 Index rose 0.1%.

– The MSCI Asia Pacific Index advanced 0.5%.

Currencies:

– The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index decreased 1%.

– The euro advanced 0.7% to $1.0962.

– The British pound increased 1% to $1.1997.

– The Japanese yen advanced 1.2% to 109.88 per dollar.

Bonds:

– The yield on 10-year Treasuries dipped seven basis points to 0.80%.

– Germany’s 10-year yield decreased 10 basis points to -0.37%.

– Britain’s 10-year yield fell six basis points to 0.38%.

Commodities:

– Gold rose 0.8% to $1,629.52 an ounce.

– WTI oil decreased 2.7% to $23.80 a barrel.

The SET index closed at 1,091.96 for an increase of 11.93 points or 1.1 per cent over Wednesday’s finish.

Transactions amounted to Bt62.344 billion, with an index high of 1,103.59 points and a low of 1,072.94.

A stock analyst at Krungsri Securities said he expected the index to move between 1,065 and 1,100.

“Before the SET closed, the US Senate passed an historic $2.2-trillion bill to relieve the burden for Americans and businesses affected by the Covid-19 crisis, including handing out cash to citizens, hospitals and small enterprises,” he noted.

“Meanwhile, the US Federal Reserve’s decision to use the unlimited quantitative-easing bond-purchase programme to increase liquidity and boost the economy adds positive sentiment for overall investment.

“However, the Bank of Thailand’s Monetary Policy Committee has forecast that Thai gross domestic product this year will contract by 5.3 per cent because of Covid-19, and the emergency decree is slowing domestic economic activity and will pressure the index to slump.”

The stocks with the highest trade value today were BAM, PTT, PTTEP, ADVANC, CPALL, AOT, BH, SCC, CRC and KBANK.

The price of crude oil dropped by $0.74 per barrel or 3.02 per cent to $23.75 and that of gold by $9 or 0.55 per cent, to $1,624.40 per ounce.

As of 5pm, most regional stock markets were on the slide:

Japan’s Nikkei Index closed at 18,664.60, down 882.03 points or 4.51 per cent.

China’s Shanghai SE Composite Index closed at 2,764.91, down 16.68 or 0.6 per cent.

Shenzhen’s SE Component Index closed at 10,155.36, down 85.72 or 0.84 per cent.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index closed at 23,352.34, down 174.85 or 0.74 per cent.

South Korea’s KOSPI Index closed at 1,686.24, down 18.52 or 1.09 per cent.

Taiwan’s TAIEX Index closed at 9,736.36, up 91.61 or 0.95 per cent.