Bangkok named best city in Asia-Pacific for international conventions

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/business/biz-insights/40018645


Bangkok topped the list of cities with the highest “harnessing ratio” in Asia-Pacific in the latest GainingEdge report on the intellectual capital of conference destinations.

Bangkok named best city in Asia-Pacific for international conventions

The consulting firm developed this “harnessing ratio” concept to help meetings and convention destinations assess how effective they are at attracting bids for summits.

The harnessing ratio analysis is based on the assumption that cities with more active leaders on the boards of international associations will bring more forums to the city.

According to the report, Bangkok has 194 local leaders active on the boards of global organisations, which has helped them draw up to 123 meetings to the capital since 2018.

This resulted in Bangkok being given a harnessing ratio of 63.4 per cent.

Bangkok was followed by Shanghai (51.7 per cent), Singapore (50.8 per cent), Taipei (45.9 per cent) and Kuala Lumpur (44.3 per cent).

Bangkok also came in at No 6 globally, after Prague (95 per cent), Dublin (81.9 per cent), Lisbon (81.8 per cent), Montreal (77.2 per cent) and Berlin (64.7 per cent).

Chiruit Isarangkun Na AyutthayaChiruit Isarangkun Na Ayutthaya

Chiruit Isarangkun Na Ayutthaya, Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau (TCEB) director, said the agency has initiated a programme to appoint local leaders or well-known experts to become convention ambassadors.

He said TCEB recently appointed convention ambassadors in the medical and robotics industries to attract meetings related to these two sectors.

He added that TCEB plans to appoint more convention ambassadors to cover other industries such as food and agriculture, which is in line with Thailand’s 4.0 policy and Bio-Circular-Green economy.

Published : August 08, 2022

By : THE NATION

Stronger baht can get extra boost from gold sales, foreign investment

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/business/econ/40018662


The baht opened at 35.56 to the US dollar on Tuesday, strengthening from Monday’s close of 35.77.

Stronger baht can get extra boost from gold sales, foreign investment

The currency is expected to move between 35.45 and 35.65 during the day, Krungthai Bank market strategist Poon Panichpibool said.

He added that the baht may swing sideways unless there are new factors affecting it.

Poon also reckoned that the Thai currency may strengthen from gold-selling transactions and foreign investors buying Thai stocks and short-term bonds.

However, he said the baht may not strengthen much as some importers are waiting to buy the dollar when the baht is stronger.

Hence, the baht’s new support level is 35.40 to 35.50 to the dollar, while its resistance level stands at 35.80 to 36.

Published : August 09, 2022

By : THE NATION

MPC expected to raise Thailand’s key interest rate on Wednesday

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/business/econ/40018648


Thailand’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) will increase the policy interest rate by 25 basis points at its meeting on Wednesday, Kasikorn Research Centre has forecast.

MPC expected to raise Thailand’s key interest rate on Wednesday

The centre expected the MPC to raise the policy interest rate to 0.75 per cent amid pressure from the high inflation rate.

It also expected the Thai economy to recover continuously, so the MPC might gradually withdraw economic accelerators.

According to the consumer price index, Thailand’s inflation rate in July rose to 7.61 per cent, slightly down from 7.66 per cent in June.

The centre said that it was mainly affected by high energy and food prices. Fuel price is still high even though it has been reduced after crude oil price went down.

Apart from the energy and food prices, core inflation in July increased to 2.99, from 2.51 in the previous month.

It reflects that the transfer of the price burden to consumers is likely to increase even though fuel price and headline inflation were down, the centre said.

However, the pressure from domestic inflation is still high, so the MPC might focus on risks from inflation as it will affect consumers’ purchasing power, especially vulnerable groups who have low income.

The centre said that the policy interest rate increase might not be able to solve the problem directly, as increase in inflation was due to supply factors. However, it will build trust among consumers as they will believe that the committee will prevent the inflation rate from increasing in the future.

If the policy interest rate stays low for too long, inflation might continue to increase gradually.

Several sectors might believe that the inflation rate will stay for a long period and set a price or request a wage according to their estimation, which will cause inflation to gradually increase as estimated.

Moreover, if the inflation rate is higher but the interest rate stays at the same level, the actual borrowing cost might reduce, which is similar to enforcing a loose monetary policy and economic accelerator.

Meanwhile, the centre expected that the Thai economy will recover continuously from the tourism sector, so it will be less necessary to use a loose monetary policy.

The centre added that the number of foreign tourists had increased significantly since the government eased its entry policy.

More than one million tourists entered Thailand in July, taking the number of tourists in the first seven months of 2022 to around 3 million.

It will generate revenue and employment in Thailand even though domestic demand was pressured by inflation, but it is likely to recover continuously because economic activities have been resumed after concerns about the pandemic reduced.

The economic momentum from monetary policy is less necessary and might lead to the MPC tightening its monetary policy.

The centre expected the MPC to gradually increase the policy interest rate at other meetings this year, taking the rate to around 1 to 1.25 per cent at the end of this year.

It advised monitoring the economic recovery and the inflation rate in the future. If the inflation rate is still high while the economy recovers greatly due to the tourism sector, the MPC might hike the policy interest rate at other meetings this year.

However, the Thai economy could face risk factors from the global economy that is likely to slow down, especially the US and China economies. They could affect Thai exports and the tourism sector, the centre said.

Meanwhile, world inflation might start to fall as demand is slowing down.

The centre added that the US economy might face a recession which will affect Americans’ spending and employment significantly.

It was also possible that US inflation might reduce in the future, which will make the US Federal Reserve stop increasing the interest rate in the first quarter of 2023.

The centre said the Thai policy interest rate is still low and is significantly different when compared to the Fed’s rate.

Therefore, the direction of Thailand’s policy interest rate is aligned to the direction of Thai economic recovery, inflation, and international stability amid increasing geopolitical tensions.

Published : August 08, 2022

By : THE NATION

Thailand to import 10,500 tonnes of shrimp as domestic yield sinks

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/business/econ/40018647


Thailand will import over 10,500 tonnes of sea shrimps this year to ease a shortage at processing plants. The move was announced on Monday at the first meeting of the shrimp board, chaired by Fisheries Department chief Chalermchai Suwannarak.

Thailand to import 10,500 tonnes of shrimp as domestic yield sinks

The new board has 21 members representing the government as well as shrimp farmers and processors.

Chalermchai said the board’s main goal is to help farmers by stabilising the price of Pacific white shrimp. But since domestic production cannot meet demand from processors for export, the board decided to allow 10,501 tonnes of shrimp to be imported from Ecuador and India this year, he added.

About 42 tonnes of shrimp have been imported since the Fisheries Dept approved shipments on June 10.

Chalermchai said the imports would not affect the price of Pacific white shrimp raised by Thai farmers but would only fill the gap in demand.Thailand to import 10,500 tonnes of shrimp as domestic yield sinks

The board has targeted domestic production of 320,000 tonnes of white shrimp this year, rising to 400,000 tonnes next year.

The board would also help sea shrimp farmers in 35 provinces increase quality and quantity of their produce by offering mobile clinics and hotlines to counsel farmers about shrimp diseases. Outbreaks would be dealt with quickly by the mobile clinics, the fisheries chief added.

This year, Thailand has produced 138,733 tonnes of shrimp up to the end of July – 129,100 tonnes of Pacific white shrimp and 9,632 tonnes of black tiger prawns, Chalermchai said.

Thailand to import 10,500 tonnes of shrimp as domestic yield sinksPanisuan Chamnarnwej, president of the Thai Frozen Foods Association, said importing shrimp was necessary to save the frozen food industry because domestic production has almost halved from 500,000 tonnes per year to 270,000 tonnes per year.

He said his association members would focus on processing shrimps for export so their imports would not affect domestic shrimp prices.

The association was also working closely with the Fisheries Dept to prevent imported shrimps spreading diseases to local farms.

Thailand to import 10,500 tonnes of shrimp as domestic yield sinksThailand now has about 30,000 shrimp farms covering 600,000 rai of land, according to the Federation of Thai Aquaculture. However, it confirms that production has dropped to 250,000-350,000 tonnes per year due to persistent outbreaks of early mortality syndrome (EMS).

Published : August 08, 2022

By : THE NATION

Top Five Gifts on Moms’ Wish List 

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/pr-news/business/40018631


Grab, Southeast Asia’s leading super-app reveals the top five gifts on modern moms’ wish list, surveyed among Grab users on its social media channels.

Top Five Gifts on Moms' Wish List 

To celebrate this Mother’s Day, Grab launches the “Wrapped With Love for Moms with GrabMart” campaign, partnering with leading brands and small merchants to offer a wide variety of products, valuable deals, and promotions for all shopper moms throughout August to reaffirm its position as a leading Quick Commerce service provider that fulfils the users’ needs in every moment.

Chantsuda Thananitayaudom, Head of Marketing, Partnerships and GrabMart, Grab Thailand said, “Mother’s Day is a special moment for Thai people and a meaningful occasion for children to express their love and gratitude for their beloved moms with heart-warming gifts “

According to the survey on modern moms, the top five products on the wish list for Mother’s Day are health supplements and vitamins (45%), cosmetics (18%), gift hampers (17%), flower bouquets and garlands (12%), and mom and baby products (8%).

Grab’s users survey 400 modern moms on Grab social media channels in July 2022

” Leveraging on these insights, this year, Grab is launching the “Wrapped With Love for Moms with GrabMart” campaign to help our users with inspirations and ideas for gifts that moms will truly love. It is also our efforts to underline GrabMart’s strengths in offering a wide variety of products and the ability to fulfil users’ needs at every moment,” Chantsuda added.

Top Five Gifts on Moms' Wish List 

Under the “Wrapped With Love for Moms with GrabMart” campaign, Grab is partnering with leading brands and small merchants nationwide to offer more selections for users by expanding product lines and creating exclusive gift sets across the five products categories, particularly in the health & beauty category.

Published : August 08, 2022

Marriott Bonvoy Revives the Timeless Traditions of Thai Cuisine with “Lost Recipes”

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/pr-news/business/40018618


Talented chefs lovingly recreate forgotten dishes from a bygone era at hotels and resorts across the kingdom, including childhood favorites and ancient royal recipes.

Marriott Bonvoy Revives the Timeless Traditions of Thai Cuisine with “Lost Recipes”

Marriott Bonvoy is reviving Thailand’s time-honored culinary traditions with its new “Lost Recipes” series, which showcases a selection of highly authentic ancient dishes from all four corners of the kingdom.

Marriott Bonvoy Revives the Timeless Traditions of Thai Cuisine with “Lost Recipes”

Guests and diners at many of Marriott Bonvoy’s portfolio of properties across Thailand, from the tropical shores of the south to the lush mountains of the north, can now savor long-lost recipes that have been reinvented by the hotels’ talented local chefs. Whether they are rediscovering the flavors of childhood or resurrecting menu items that once graced Thailand’s royal palaces, each Lost Recipe has been lovingly reimagined for the 21st Century using the finest local and seasonal ingredients.

Marriott Bonvoy Revives the Timeless Traditions of Thai Cuisine with “Lost Recipes”

Each chef has strived to use classical cooking methods combined with contemporary techniques to rekindle these exquisite dishes. From today until September 2022, 20 Marriott hotels and resorts in Thailand will offer at least one Lost Recipe at their restaurants.

Diners in Bangkok will be able to savor “Gaeng Rawang Neua”, an aromatic beef and turmeric curry at Bangkok Marriott Marquis Queen’s Park, and “Pla Haeng Tang Mo” an ancient appetizer of dried fish with watermelon at Renaissance Bangkok Ratchaprasong Hotel, while guests at Four Points by Sheraton Phuket Patong Beach Resort can choose to try “Gaeng Pae”, an authentic dish of slow-cooked goat with spices, and visitors to Sheraton Samui Resort  can savor “Mee See Chompu”, a vibrant bowl of pink noodles that was often found at temple fairs.

Marriott Bonvoy Revives the Timeless Traditions of Thai Cuisine with “Lost Recipes”

Hua Hin Marriott Resort & Spa has rediscovered “Aok Kai”, Isaan-style roasted chicken with Thai herbs, while Sheraton Hua Hin Resort & Spa has recreated “Khao Yum”, a one-dish meal of steamed rice, pomelo, dried shrimp and coconut, and Courtyard by Marriott North Pattaya is serving “Rice Field Crab Larb”, a unique rural recipe made using crabs found in paddy fields. It is not only Thai food on the menu, however; Le Méridien Chiang Mai is reviving the timeless Italian dish of “Le Polpette del Contadino”, which was often served in Sicily on special occasions. 

This is just a small selection of the many Lost Recipes that are now ready to delight diners at Marriott’s hotels and resorts in Thailand. For the full list of participating properties, please see below.

For more information and to relive the rich culinary traditions of Thailand with Marriott Bonvoy, please CLICK HERE.

To learn more about Marriott International, please visit www.marriott.com
 

Marriott Bonvoy Revives the Timeless Traditions of Thai Cuisine with “Lost Recipes”

The full list of participating hotels and restaurants is as follows:

1.    JW Marriott Khao Lak Resort & Spa – Takrai Restaurant
2.    Sheraton Samui Resort – Long Talay 
3.    Sheraton Hua Hin Resort & Spa – Luna Lanai
4.    Hua Hin Marriott Resort & Spa – Amber Kitchen
5.    Sheraton Hua Hin Pranburi Villas – Luna Lapran
6.    Courtyard by Marriott Bangkok – MoMo Café 
7.    Courtyard by Marriott Phuket Town – Krua Talad Yai
8.    Renaissance Bangkok Ratchaprasong Hotel – Flavors
9.    Marriott Executive Apartments Sukhumvit Park – Bistro M
10.    Le Méridien Chiang Mai – Favola
11.    Bangkok Marriott Hotel Sukhumvit – 57th Street
12.    The Westin Grande Sukhumvit, Bangkok – Seasonal Tastes 
13.    W Bangkok – Paii 
14.    Four Points by Sheraton Phuket Patong Beach – Sears & Co.
15.    Bangkok Marriott Hotel The Surawongse – Praya Kitchen & Yào Restaurant
16.    The St. Regis Bangkok – VIU Restaurant
17.    Courtyard by Marriott North Pattaya – Café 22
18.    Rayong Marriott Resort & Spa – Fish Bar
19.    JW Marriott Hotel Bangkok – JW Café
20.    Bangkok Marriott Marquis Queen’s Park – Siam Tea Room
 

Published : August 08, 2022

By : THE NATION

BAM promotes E-Commerce markets with 50% discount, free transfer fees

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/business/40018611


Bangkok Commercial Asset Management Public Company Limited (BAM) selects over 2,000 properties nationwide for sale at special prices.

BAM promotes E-Commerce markets with 50% discount, free transfer fees

Bundit Anantamongkol, BAM Chief Executive Officer said that in the second half of 2022, BAM continued to focus on E-Commerce marketing strategies.

In response to today’s digital lifestyle, BAM has organized the campaign “BAM NPA in Online Marketplaces” that selects all types of special properties, such as houses, land, condos, townhouses, commercial buildings, and investment properties over 2,000 items nationwide for its customers to choose. 

Customers, who intend to buy all special price assets that do not exceed 1 million baht during the event, can be purchased in instalments with BAM, Bundit added.

In the case of buying in cash, buyers will receive an additional discount of 20,000 baht.

And all customers, who purchase residential properties and transfer ownership within 30 days, will be exempted from transfer fees of up to 900,000 baht per item under the “Fast Transfer, Get It” promotion, and will receive a gift voucher worth up to 100,000 baht Bundit said.

He added that buyers will also receive wireless CCTV cameras when purchasing properties from online platforms, including dotproperty,  ddproperty, Baania, Kaidee, LivingInsider, baanfinder, terrabkk, Line Shopping and ThailandPostMart website. But the gifts will not be applied to purchase in instalments.

BAM promotes E-Commerce markets with 50% discount, free transfer fees

Customers, who buy properties with an approved selling price of not more than 3 million baht, can apply for an instalment plan with BAM with a 0% interest rate for 12 months, after which the interest rate will be charged at MLR BAM rate throughout the contract period.

BAM also organizes special promotions for investors. If they buy two units in cash or more, they will get a special discount and gift vouchers up to 50,000 baht.

Bundit said the interest rate of MLR BAM will be applied for buying in instalments of not exceeding six months for two to three units.

Those who buy four units or more will also get the MLR BAM rate if they are in instalments of no more than nine months.

Customers, who book up for properties online on the website http://www.bam.co.th, will receive a voucher worth up to 20,000 baht and those, who purchase a BAM E-voucher worth 100 baht via shopee, will receive a discount code worth up to 20,000 baht.

Interested customers can ask for more information at Call Center 02-6300-700 or http://www.bam.co.th or Social Media: BAM Thailand.

Published : August 07, 2022

Baht buckles under pressure of stronger dollar, weakening gold

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/business/40018620


The baht opened at 35.75 to the US dollar on Monday, weakening from Friday’s close of 35.56.

Baht buckles under pressure of stronger dollar, weakening gold

The Thai currency is expected to move between 35.65 and 35.85 against the greenback during the day and between 35.50 and 36 during the week, Krungthai market strategist Poon Panichpibool predicted.

Poon said the baht will likely fluctuate and weaken against a strengthening dollar.

He also warned that foreign investors might sell Thai stocks once they near the resistance level. The baht may also be pressured by the gold price if it falls closer to its support level.

Poon also said the baht could fluctuate during the Monetary Policy Committee’s (MPC) meeting which may push foreign investors to adjust their possession of bonds and baht.

Poon forecast that the dollar’s uptrend has ended but could fluctuate and strengthen in the short term if the US inflation data, including medium-term inflation, estimation is higher than expected which will cause the market to worry that the US Federal Reserve might increase the interest rate.

Moreover, the market in a risk-off state could help the dollar strengthen if investors are disappointed with listed companies’ performances or if they are concerned that Europe’s economic outlook is recessing.

Poon also advised investors to use hedging tools such as options to manage risks in a highly volatile currency market.

He added that investors this week are waiting for the US inflation data from the consumer price index and medium-term inflation estimation which will cause the Fed to change the currency policy’s direction. He also suggested that Thai investors should monitor the MPC’s meeting.

Published : August 08, 2022

By : THE NATION

The Emergence of Newsjacking – What is newsjacking?

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/pr-news/business/40018593


According to Hootsuite, a social media management platform, over 30% of the global internet users of all sexes aged from 16 to 64 find and consume news on social media. Therefore, breaking news or trends that interest these netizens gain traction rapidly, creating opportunities for brands to get messages across to their target public.

The Emergence of Newsjacking - What is newsjacking?

Recognising the importance of connecting with their audience more personally, many brands have employed an emerging approach to content creation inspired by news items – newsjacking.
 
What is newsjacking?

Brands can utilise two significant categories of trends: micro-trends and macro-trends. The former refers to popular memes, videos, GIFs, TikTok dance, etc., and the latter includes major events such as awards ceremonies or royal weddings.

Newsjacking refers to brands leveraging relevant breaking news and trending topics to share their unique perspectives and engage in conversations online.

How does newsjacking benefit companies?

By jumping on the right trend at the right time, brands can gain more exposure on social media and relate themselves to their current and potential audience. Brands can also enjoy substantial online engagement if they publish a strategic piece of newsjacking.

In addition, by being one of the first to contribute its thoughts to breaking news or an emerging trend, a company is more likely to be cited by journalists as they produce related coverage.

When to newsjack?

The right timing for newsjacking is as soon as a story relevant to your industry breaks before journalists search for information for their coverage.

People’s use of social media for news finding and consumption demonstrates how and when newsjacking can enhance a company’s online visibility and engagement with its audience.

Useful tips to create good newsjacking

Understanding the definition of newsjacking is important, but correctly implementing the concept is essential to using newsjacking as an effective strategic tool.

If misused, newsjacking can backfire and damage your reputation and relationship with your audience.

Keep updated with current events

Continuously monitoring social trends allows you to identify trending topics and add opinions your brand can capitalise on.

Google Trends is an essential tool that can help you keep track of trending topics so you can draft your newsjacking content quickly.

Don’t focus on sales promotion

Ensure that your content is not purely promotional. When your response and content are authentic, your audience will appreciate your efforts to be part of the conversation.

However, the reaction can be disapproving and hostile if they believe you are purely trying to promote your brand.

A previous attempt at newsjacking by Urban Outfitters around extreme bad weather, relating to their delivery times, has been cited as insensitive, as the brand attempted to promote their free shipping by tweeting about a hurricane responsible for over 100 casualties.

Avoid constantly voicing your opinions

The element of surprise is vital to your newsjacking strategy. Netizens are less likely to pay attention to a brand that keeps sharing its thoughts about current events. Be patient and identify the right news moment.

As social media continues to be a leading source of information for consumers, leveraging relevant breaking news to expose your brand to your target audience can benefit relationships with consumers and other stakeholders and reinforce your status and credibility as an industry player.

This article is from Midas PR, experts in creating content that converts and ensures the brand’s presence in the online conversations of the target audience.

Published : August 07, 2022

Surge in rice exports puts Thailand on track to becoming 2nd largest global supplier

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/business/40018591


Thailand’s rice exports in the first six months of this year surged 56.6 per cent to 3.50 million, bringing in 60.93 billion baht in revenue, or 42.9 per cent more year on year.

Surge in rice exports puts Thailand on track to becoming 2nd largest global supplier

“This is good news for Thai farmers,” Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister Chalermchai Sree-on said on Saturday, adding that this increase in export will help boost the price of rice in the country.

He said Thailand should be able to beat Vietnam and become the world’s second-largest rice exporter if it can ship out more than 7 million tonnes of rice this year.

Surge in rice exports puts Thailand on track to becoming 2nd largest global supplier

As per the Thai Rice Exporters Association and Customs Department’s data, Thailand exported 764,131 tonnes of rice worth 13.12 billion baht in June alone, up 69.4 per cent and 57.1 per cent, respectively, compared to 450,973 tonnes worth 8.35 billion in May.

The surge in rice exports in June was put down to the sale of 405,963 tonnes of white rice, marking a 208 per cent increase month on month.

The export of steamed and jasmine rice in June came in at 140,225 tonnes and 103,865 tonnes, up 10.8 per cent and 15.2 per cent month on month, respectively.

Surge in rice exports puts Thailand on track to becoming 2nd largest global supplier

Chalermchai reckoned that the global rice trade this year will rise up to 46.4 million tonnes, up 100,000 tonnes compared to 2021.

He also reckoned that the global rice yield during the 2021-2022 production cycle would come in at around 505.4 million tonnes, up 1.9 million tonnes compared to the previous production cycle.

He also said that he expects Australia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Europe, Paraguay, Uruguay and Thailand’s rice exports to rise, and rice export from Colombia, Ecuador, India, Iraq, Madagascar, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, the US and Vietnam to drop.

“We should be able to export at least 7 million to 7.5 million tonnes of rice this year,” he said. “This will make us the world’s second-largest rice exporter instead of Vietnam.”

Surge in rice exports puts Thailand on track to becoming 2nd largest global supplier

However, Chalermchai said many factors may affect Thailand’s rice exports in the second half of the year, such as the value of the baht, the productivity of key rice exporters, the Russia-Ukraine war’s impact on production costs and the Covid-19 economic fallout.

Vietnam exported 2.77 million tonnes of rice worth US$1.35 billion in the first five months of this year, up 6.95 per cent and 4.26 per cent year on year, respectively.

Published : August 07, 2022

By : THE NATION