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U.S. to rejoin Paris climate accord; Biden works to overturn Trump’s climate policies

InternationalJan 21. 2021The sun sets over Bears Ears National Monument in Utah. MUST CREDIT: Washington Post photo by Katherine Frey.

By The Washington Post · Juliet Eilperin, Steven Mufson, Brady Dennis

WASHINGTON – During his first moments in the Oval Office on Wednesday, President Joe Biden moved to return the United States to the Paris climate accord and directed federal agencies to begin unraveling Donald Trump’s environmental policies – the first step in what Biden has vowed will be a sustained effort to safeguard the nation’s air and water, protect endangered species and combat climate change at home and abroad.

Biden’s executive order recommitting the United States to the international struggle to slow global warming fulfilled a campaign promise and represented a repudiation of the “America First” approach of Trump, who officially withdrew the nation from the Paris agreement Nov. 4 after years of disparaging it.

Biden also ordered federal agencies to review scores of climate and environmental policies enacted during the Trump years and, if possible, to quickly reverse them. Nearly half of the regulations the new administration is targeting come from the Environmental Protection Agency, on issues as varied as potable water, dangerous chemicals and gas-mileage standards.

“A cry for survival comes from the planet itself. A cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear,” Biden, who has listed tackling climate change as one of his core priorities, said in his inaugural address Wednesday. Listing the challenges the nation faces, he pointed to “the battle to save our planet by getting the climate under control.”

Biden’s new national climate adviser, Gina McCarthy, told reporters this week that the moves will “begin undoing some of the harmful actions that happened in the previous administration’s watch, so that we can move forward in combating the climate crisis.”

McCarthy said Biden would sign “a broad executive order that takes steps that are imperative to address our climate crisis, and will also create good union jobs and advance environmental justice while reversing more than 100 of the previous administration’s harmful policies.”

Biden is expected to take more action Jan. 27, according to a document obtained by The Washington Post. He plans to sign an executive order elevating climate in domestic and national security policy; direct “science and evidence based decision-making” in federal agencies; reestablish the Presidential Council of Advisers on Science and Technology and announce that U.S. data that will help underpin the Climate Leadership Summit that Biden will host in Washington in late April.

Although incoming presidents often sign executive orders on their first day, the chasm between Biden’s agenda and Trump’s legacy is one of the widest in recent decades. Nowhere is that contrast more pronounced than on climate change – which Trump largely dismissed – and the environment, where Trump and his deputies scaled back protections to benefit the fossil fuel industry.

Biden comes to office with a sense of urgency about climate change that is unmatched by any previous occupant of the White House, and he is installing throughout the government people who share his views. The regulations he is instructing agencies to review include a recent Labor Department rule preventing environmentally sustainable mutual funds from being default retirement investments and a Transportation Department regulation making it easier to transport liquefied natural gas by rail.

“At this moment of profound crisis, we have the opportunity to build a more resilient, sustainable economy, one that will put the United States on an irreversible path to achieve net-zero emissions economywide no later than 2050,” McCarthy said.

Gina McCarthy, an appointee for deputy national climate adviser to President-elect Joe Biden, says the executive orders aim to “move forward in combating the climate crisis.” She is photographed Dec. 19, 2021, in Wilmington, Del. MUST CREDIT: Washington Post photo by Jonathan Newton

That pledge came as welcome news to many in the international community, which has forged ahead with efforts to combat climate change in recent years without cooperation from the world’s second-largest emitter of greenhouse gases.

“The United States is such an important actor internationally. So this day today has been creating a lot of expectation everywhere,” Patricia Espinosa, executive secretary of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, said in an interview. “Very few generations have the opportunity to really influence a historical change in the way that humanity evolves. This is one of those moments. So it means a lot to have the U.S. back.”

Although many of Biden’s actions on Wednesday will take effect over time – the country will again formally become a party to the Paris agreement 30 days from now – his most immediate action will be to rescind the presidential permit Trump granted the Keystone XL pipeline to transport crude oil from Canada across the border into the United States. The project became a flash point for climate activists during the Obama administration, and Biden pledged during the campaign to block it.

Industry executives made it clear Wednesday that they were prepared to work with Biden but warned him against pushing to abolish fossil fuels.

The American Petroleum Institute’s chief executive, Mike Sommers, said in a statement that though his members “support the ambitions of the Paris Agreement,” the new administration should keep in mind “models show that this agreement between nations cannot be achieved without access to natural gas.”

And he took issue with Biden’s decision on the Keystone pipeline permit, saying, “Revoking the Keystone XL pipeline is a significant step backwards both for environmental progress and our economic recovery.”

Sen. Shelley Moore Capito, R-W.Va., a senior member of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, foreshadowed the opposition Biden’s agenda could face in Congress. “In these next four years, it is imperative that Congress aggressively exercises oversight and pushes back on the worst impulses of Washington bureaucrats,” she said.

Conservationists lauded the quick push to roll back so many of Trump’s policies.

“Today we are feeling the first rays of hope after four dark years where racial violence and injustice, destruction of our environment and disdain for climate science became standard operating procedure for a government that was supposed to represent us all,” said Jamie Williams, president of the Wilderness Society.

Dozens of steps that Biden began during his first hours in office will take months, if not longer, to complete.

He is instructing the EPA and the Transportation Department to strengthen fuel-efficiency standards for cars and light trucks, which Trump weakened. He asked two other departments – interior and commerce – to review the boundaries and protections Trump had scaled back for national monuments in Utah and off the coast of New England.

Biden can change the boundaries of a national monument with the stroke of a pen, and though U.S. automakers probably are willing to strike a deal with the new administration on more-ambitious gas-mileage standards for the nation’s cars and pickup trucks, reversing other Trump policies will be more challenging.

Biden plans to impose a temporary moratorium on all oil and natural gas leasing activities in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which is home to caribou, polar bears and Indigenous people. On Tuesday, the Interior Department’s Bureau of Land Management (BLM) signed and issued nine leases it auctioned earlier this month, spanning 437,804 acres on the refuge’s coastal plain.

All but two of the new leases were won by the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority, an arm of the state government. The sale raised a total of about $14 million, less than 2% of what congressional Republicans projected when they opened the near-pristine reserve to drilling in 2017.

BLM Alaska Director Chad Padgett said Tuesday that the leases “reflect a solid commitment by both the state and industry to pursue responsible oil and gas development on the Alaska’s North Slope.”

In some instances, Biden is setting the stage for changes that will reverberate throughout the federal government. For instance, he will revive an interagency working group Trump disbanded in 2017 that sets the “social cost of carbon,” an estimation of the economic damage caused by the release of a ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Policymakers factor this figure into the cost-and-benefit calculations they make on a host of issues, including permitting new oil wells and imposing stricter pollution controls on coal- and gas-fired power plants. Under the Obama administration’s formula, the price per ton would now stand at $52, but Trump officials reduced it to between $1 and $7 per ton.

Many economists suggest that the Biden administration start at $125 per ton to better reflect new research on the economic damage of climate change and market realities.

“It is the one way you can uniformly incorporate the cost of climate change into decisions across all of government,” Kevin Rennert, who directs the Social Cost of Carbon Initiative at the environmental think tank Resources for the Future, said in an interview.

Biden’s environmental push on Day 1 far surpassed that of any other president, but only time will show how much of his agenda he can achieve – and how successfully he can rebuild the nation’s image around the world, particularly when it comes to leading on climate action.

“Rejoining the Paris agreement is only the beginning, and the incoming administration appears to know this,” Brandon Wu, director of policy and campaigns at ActionAid USA, said in an email. “In order to make truly meaningful progress towards global cooperation on climate, the Biden administration must follow up with concrete actions. There’s simply no reason for other countries to trust our word if we fail, again, to act on our own emissions and use the significant resources at our disposal to support the world’s most vulnerable countries.”

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Biden pledges to defeat extremism and culture of lies as he confronts Trump’s legacy

InternationalJan 21. 2021President Joe Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris, and Maj. Gen Omar Jones, commanding general, Joint Task Force participate in a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns on Wednesday, Jan. 20, 2021, in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. MUST CREDIT: Washington Post photo by Katherine Frey

By The Washington Post · Dan Balz · NATIONAL, POLITICS 

The inauguration of President Joe Biden marked the traditional transfer of power that has taken place every four years through two centuries of the nation’s history. This year the day was far more than that, a moment both somber and hopeful in a country reeling from a pandemic and economic distress in a capital city locked down by threats of violence from far-right extremists.

For Biden, Wednesday’s ceremonies represented the fulfillment of decades of personal ambition to serve as president. But if it was a day for him to celebrate that achievement, it was also a day to reckon with what the four years of Donald Trump’s presidency have done to the country and the monumental task of repair and restoration that is now the new president’s responsibility.

Biden ran for president with a pledge to rebuild a sense of normalcy after the chaos and divisiveness of the Trump presidency. But the shocking attack on the Capitol on Jan. 6 underscored that a return to normalcy will require presidential resolve in the face of white supremacist threats to democracy as much as or more than customary calls for unity and bipartisan cooperation that long have been central to Biden’s makeup.

The 46th president did not shrink from the duality of what he called this moment of “crisis and challenge,” the urgency of confronting immediate problems that threaten people’s health and welfare as well as the deeper, embedded problems of racial injustice and domestic terrorism by those who fear a changing America. 

One measure of how much the attacks of two weeks ago could affect Biden’s presidency was the degree to which he confronted those threats directly and repeatedly. “Here we stand,” Biden said, “just days after a riotous mob thought they could use violence to silence the will of the people, to stop the work of our democracy, to drive us from this sacred ground. It did not happen. It will never happen, not today, not tomorrow, not ever. Not ever.”

Rarely has a nation needed the renewal that is promised with every inauguration. The absence of the president, who became the first in more than a century not to attend his successor’s swearing-in, along with the tableau and pageantry on a socially distanced West Front of the Capitol, signaled an eagerness on the part of many, though not all, to move past the Trump years.

As expected, unity was Biden’s principal theme. But there was nothing soft-edged about the meaning of his words. Instead the appeals for America to come together came with a rhetorical determination to confront the existential threats that rose up under Trump. Kate Masur, a historian and professor at Northwestern University, emailed during the speech that she was hearing echoes of Abraham Lincoln’s inaugural address in 1861, a time when seven states already had seceded from the union and the nation was heading toward bloody war. 

That Lincoln speech is often remembered for his appeals for unity, for his summoning up of America’s “better angels,” his invocation of the “mystic chords of memory” and his plea that the passions of the day not “break our bonds of affection.” Much of the speech, however, was a condemnation of the secessionist movement and a steely promise to defend the Constitution and preserve the union.

“In some ways the combined force of right-wing authoritarian and white supremacist tendencies in the United States, plus the media climate and disinformation and people’s suffering and resentments, combine to form a more existential threat than we’ve seen in a very long time,” Masur said.

America is not at a point today that it was when Lincoln spoke weeks before the Civil War began, but the “uncivil war” that Biden described is a reminder that what exists today goes beyond familiar talk of political polarization or legislative gridlock to what could be the biggest long-term challenge of Biden’s presidency – a country in which a minority of the people reject many truths, hold to Trump’s words and, in the extreme, are prepared to fight. 

No president in modern times, perhaps ever, has inherited the collective set of problems that greeted Biden as he took the oath of office on a clear and cold day, and in a few words he captured all that afflicts the country: “anger, resentment and hatred, extremism, lawlessness, violence, disease, joblessness and hopelessness.”

In his inaugural address, Biden sought to follow the example of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1933 during the depths of the Great Depression, said, “This nation asks for action, and action now.” Biden said, “We will press forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and significant possibilities. Much to repair. Much to restore. Much to heal. Much to build. And much to gain. Few people in our nation’s history have been more challenged or found a time more challenging or difficult than the time we’re in now.”

Emblematic of that promise to move swiftly were the 17 executive orders awaiting Biden’s signature after his swearing-in, with more to come in days ahead. More difficult than signing those orders will be showing that he has a strategy to slow the spread of the coronavirus and to produce and deliver vaccinations to enough people quickly enough to return the country to something resembling life before the virus arrived a year ago. How effective the American people judge that response to be will go far in coloring broader perceptions of Biden’s leadership.

The new president also has outlined the $1.9 trillion package to deal with the coronavirus and provide economic assistance to struggling Americans, businesses and state and local governments, to be followed next month by a sizable economic recovery package. On these legislative priorities, he faces a stern test: Can he persuade Republicans to support the package – and how much is he prepared to compromise to win that support – or will he decide to stand his ground and turn to the budgetary process known as reconciliation to push it through with a simple majority vote of his own party?

In addition, there are his commitments to an ambitious strategy to combat climate change and the promise to redraw the nation’s immigration system, including a path to citizenship for those here without documentation. And mindful of who helped to make him president, and the swearing-in of Kamala Harris as the first female, Black and South Asian vice president, he also noted that cries of racial justice “400 years in the making . . . will be deferred no more.”

As he noted Wednesday, almost any of these individual challenges would consume a new administration. He does not have the luxury of ignoring any of them.

The desire for national renewal and rejuvenation also comes with demands for accountability – for those rioters who stormed the Capitol and for a president who, as Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky said, provoked the mob by feeding it lies. Trump’s impeachment trial will hover over the early days of Biden’s presidency, and while he will not be an active participant, it too will color attitudes of Americans about the state of the nation.

On the day the Capitol was overrun, Biden said the attack and the efforts to undermine the results of the election meant that work of the coming four years must be the restoration of democracy. Presidential historian Robert Dallek, noting the significance of the moment Biden assumed the presidency, said, “What helps him a lot is the villainy of Donald Trump and that Trump has fallen into a ditch. There is nothing like having a failed predecessor to give you a running start.”

Timothy Snyder, a historian and Yale University professor, said that until the country is freed from the fear of mob rule in all its forms, whether from violence or intimidation or threats of either, the freedoms that all Americans take as part of the country’s basic values will not exist. 

Snyder called this a moment of possible restructuring over which Biden will preside.

“That’s the only upside of Trump being president and a failed coup,” he said. “It opens a window to do things that are more far-reaching. That window’s going to be open, it’s going to be open for a little while.” 

Biden said Wednesday’s ceremonies symbolized not the triumph of a candidate but of the cause of democracy. But if democracy met the stress test between November and Inauguration Day, the system remains under duress. Biden’s task, and that of the nation he seeks to unify, is to assure that the forces that threatened democracy are confronted and defeated. 

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Fact-checking Trump’s farewell address

InternationalJan 20. 2021

By The Washington Post · Glenn Kessler, Salvador Rizzo

President Donald Trump’s farewell address was essentially a mini version of one of his campaign rallies – minus the cheers and applause. Since his campaign rallies were a rich source of false or misleading claims, the president brought out some of his favorite golden oldies, many of which are on The Washington Post’s list of Bottomless Pinocchios. Here’s quick guide to what was wrong or exaggerated.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/c/embed/87794897-db1c-401d-b81e-f5f43012f85c?ptvads=block&playthrough=false

“We also built the greatest economy in the history of the world. . . . Powered by these policies, we built the greatest economy in the history of the world.”

This is Trump’s favorite false claim, so there should be no surprise he said it twice. (In The Post’s database of Trump’s claims, we only count a falsehood once per venue.)

By just about any key measure in the modern era, Presidents Dwight Eisenhower, Lyndon Johnson and Bill Clinton presided over stronger economic growth than Trump.

The gross domestic product grew at an annual rate of 2.3% in 2019, slipping from 2.9% in 2018 and 2.4% in 2017. But in 1997, 1998 and 1999, GDP grew 4.5%, 4.5% and 4.7%, respectively. Yet even that period paled in comparison with the postwar boom in the 1950s and in the 1960s. Growth between 1962 and 1966 ranged from 4.4% to 6.6%. In 1950 and 1951, it was 8.7% and 8%, respectively.

Meanwhile, the unemployment rate reached a low of 3.5% under Trump, but it dipped as low as 2.5% in 1953. (After the coronavirus pandemic tanked the economy, Trump jacked up his claim even more, falsely saying it had been the greatest economy in the history of the world.)

This marks the 493rd time that Trump used a variation of this line, meaning he said it on average every other day.

– – –

“All Americans were horrified by the assault on our Capitol. Political violence is an attack on everything we cherish as Americans. It can never be tolerated.”

This statement is not especially credible in light of the president’s actions on Jan. 6. “Trump at first hesitated to tell his supporters to stand down when they stormed the Capitol,” The Post reported. “He was captivated by the spectacle playing out on live television and entranced by the notion that the rioters were fighting for him, people with knowledge of the events said.” Trump resisted advice from aides to call for an end to the violence. When he finally issued a video that afternoon telling the rioters to “go home,” he also declared his support for them by saying, “We love you.” Then, for several days, Trump refused to lower Americans flags in honor of two U.S. Capitol police officers who died after the violent riot by his supporters. He finally relented after enormous public pressure.

– – –

“Our agenda was not about right or left. It wasn’t about Republican or Democrat, but about the good of a nation.”

This is a line that actually never appeared in Trump’s campaign speeches. Instead, he constantly attacked Democrats as a force of evil, so it’s doubtful he really believes this.

“Remember this it’s all Democrat run cities, radical left Democrats, Democrats,” he said at Oct. 31 rally. “You look at what’s going on all Democrat run cities. Republicans have no problems, our cities are doing great.” At a Jan. 4 rally, Trump declared that Democrats will “turn our entire country into one giant sanctuary for criminal aliens, setting loose tens of thousands of dangerous offenders and putting MS-13 gang members straight into your children’s schools.” On Nov. 4, Trump said: “Joe Biden is a globalist who spent 47 years outsourcing your jobs, opening your borders, and sacrificing American blood and treasure on ridiculous, endless foreign wars. Most of you have never even heard of some of these countries. . . . A vote for Biden is a vote to give control of government over to the globalist, Communist, Socialist, the wealthy, liberal, hypocrites who want to silence, censor, cancel, and punish you.”

– – –

“We passed the largest package of tax cuts and reforms in American history.”

This is Trump’s second favorite falsehood, and this marks the 295th time he said it.

Even before Trump’s tax cut was crafted, he promised it would be the biggest in U.S. history – bigger than Ronald Reagan’s 1981 tax cut. Reagan’s tax cut amounted to 2.9% of the gross domestic product, and none of the proposals under consideration came close to that level. Yet Trump persisted in this fiction even when the tax cut was eventually crafted to be the equivalent of 0.9% of GDP, making it the eighth largest tax cut in 100 years.

– – –

“We slashed more job-killing regulations than any administration had ever done before.”

Trump may have grounds to brag about his efforts to peel back regulations, but his claim of the most or biggest regulation cuts cannot be easily verified and appears to be false. There is no reliable metric on which to judge this claim – or to compare him to previous presidents. Many experts say the most significant regulatory changes in U.S. history were the deregulation of airline, rail and trucking industries during the Carter administration, which are estimated to provide consumers with $70 billion in annual benefits.

A detailed November 2020 report by the Penn Program on Regulation concluded that “without exception, each major claim we have uncovered by the President or other White House official about regulation turns out to be exaggerated, misleading, or downright untrue.” The report said that the Trump administration had not reduced the overall number of pages from the regulatory code book, and that it will have completed far more regulatory actions than deregulatory ones once the full data is examined.

– – –

“We imposed historic and monumental tariffs on China. . . . Billions and billions of dollars were pouring into the U.S.”

Trump regularly brags that the United States reaps billions of dollars from tariffs he has imposed on other countries, such as China. But tariffs – essentially a tax – are generally paid by importers, such as U.S. companies, who in turn pass on most or all of the costs to consumers or producers who may use Chinese materials in their products. So, ultimately, Americans are footing the bill for Trump’s tariffs, not the Chinese. The president is fooling himself if he thinks otherwise.

The China tariff revenue has been greatly reduced by payments – totaling $28 billion – the government has made to farmers who lost business because China stopped buying U.S. soybeans, hogs, cotton and other products in response. Through Jan. 13, 2020, the Trump tariffs have garnered about $75 billion on products from China, according to Customs and Border Protection.

– – –

“We also unlocked our energy resources and became the world’s No. 1 producer of oil and natural gas, by far.”

Trump takes too much credit. The energy boom he’s referring to began during the Obama administration.

The United States has led the world in natural gas production since 2009. Crude oil production has been increasing rapidly since 2010, reaching record levels in August 2018, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration data. In September 2018, the United States passed Russia and Saudi Arabia to become the largest crude oil producer. It is expected to hold that position, according to predictions from the International Energy Agency.

– – –

“We passed nearly $4 trillion in economic relief, saved or supported over 50 million jobs and slashed the unemployment rate in half.”

“Fifty million” is a dubious number cooked up by the Trump administration.

In fact, officials told Reuters that the number referred to the total number of workers employed by businesses that were approved for loans under the Paycheck Protection Program.

“The PPP likely did not save 51 million jobs, or anywhere close to it,” Reuters concluded after interviews with economists and an analysis of the program’s data. “Half a dozen economists put the number of jobs saved by the initiative at only a fraction of 51 million – ranging between 1 million and 14 million.”

The Post found dubious numbers in the data. For instance, Fire Protection Systems, a sprinkler system installer in Kent, Wash., retained more than 500 jobs using its PPP funds. But the company says it has 20 employees.

– – –

“[I] stood up to Big Pharma in so many ways, but especially in our effort to get ‘favored nations’ clauses added, which will give us the lowest prescription drug prices anywhere in the world.”

In a move widely regarded as a political play seven weeks before the election, Trump announced that he had signed an executive order to lower Medicare drug prices through what is known as the “most favored nation policy.”

The mostly toothless order has not been implemented and faces legal roadblocks. It would require pharmaceutical companies to accept much lower payments – an aggressive move that the industry is fighting vociferously.

Trump did not need to issue any executive orders for his administration to start experimenting with new Medicare payments, but he clearly wanted to be able to claim that he was doing something on drug prices before the Nov. 3 election.

After the election, Trump announced that the Department of Health and Human Services had issued an “interim final rule,” meaning the administration skipped the normal rulemaking process, which requires weeks to collect public comments.

That could make it difficult for the Biden administration to defend the policy in court if the pharmaceutical industry sues over the rule. In late December, a federal judge issued a nationwide injunction that prevented the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, from carrying out the “most favored nations” rule as scheduled on Jan. 1.

The judge wrote in her temporary order that the CMS had not followed required procedures for notice and comment before imposing such sweeping changes.

– – –

“We passed VA Choice.”

False. The Veterans Access, Choice and Accountability Act was signed by President Barack Obama in 2014, in the wake of the Phoenix VA scandal. The law allows veterans to seek private medical care, with costs covered, when VA wait times exceed a certain period. One of the lead authors was Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz.

This is one of Trump’s most insidious falsehoods. Not only did he take more and more credit for the 2014 law as his term progressed but in public remarks he would often erase the roles that Obama and McCain played. (“McCain didn’t get the job done for our great vets and the VA, and they knew it,” he said in 2019.)

Trump signed the Mission Act in 2018, an update and expansion of the Choice program.

– – –

“We appointed nearly 300 federal judges to interpret our Constitution as written for years.”

Trump nominated and the Senate confirmed 226 federal judges, “well below the totals of recent two-term presidents, including Obama (320), George W. Bush (322) and Bill Clinton (367),” according to the Pew Research Center.

– – –

“The American people pleaded with Washington to finally secure the nation’s borders. I am pleased to say we answered that plea and achieved the most secure border in U.S. history.”

Unauthorized migration “had been generally declining” from 2000 to 2017, according to a report by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service. Then it spiked in the latter half of Trump’s term, despite years of draconian measures to stop migrants from entering the United States.

The number of people detained at the U.S.-Mexico border by immigration officials began to increase again in 2019 and 2020.

– – –

“This includes historic agreements with Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, along with more than 450 miles of powerful, new wall.”

The regional asylum agreements Trump negotiated with these four countries have encountered significant roadblocks in U.S. courts. The Trump administration wanted a system in which asylum applicants no longer were released into the United States while they awaited immigration hearings, but instead remained in Mexico or Guatemala.

Trump’s new asylum rules were set to take effect last week, but they were blocked by a federal judge in San Francisco.

At the close of 2020, the Trump administration had built nearly 40 miles of bollard-style fencing where none existed on the border – a small fraction of the 450 miles Trump claimed. The administration also had built 344 miles of fencing to replace run-down barriers that already existed.

– – –

“The world respects us again. Please don’t lose that respect.”

Surveys show that in many developed countries, favorable opinions of the United States tanked under Trump, especially regarding the country’s management of the coronavirus pandemic.

“For instance, just 41% in the United Kingdom express a favorable opinion of the U.S., the lowest percentage registered in any Pew Research Center survey there,” according to Pew. “In France, only 31% see the U.S. positively, matching the grim ratings from March 2003, at the height of U.S.-France tensions over the Iraq War. Germans give the U.S. particularly low marks on the survey: 26% rate the U.S. favorably, similar to the 25% in the same March 2003 poll.”

– – –

“NATO countries are now paying hundreds of billions of dollars more than when I arrived just a few years ago. It was very unfair. We were paying the cost for the world. Now the world is helping us.”

During the 2016 presidential election, Trump consistently inflated the U.S. contribution to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Once he became president, his inaccuracy has persisted, but with a twist. Nearly 150 times, he has claimed that “hundreds of billions” of dollars have come into NATO because of his complaints. In this speech, he even suggests this money might be coming to the United States.

Instead, NATO members have increased defense spending as a share of their economies – a process that was started before Trump announced presidential his candidacy. In terms of direct funding of NATO, the United States paid the largest share – about 22%. Germany is second, with about 15%, though Trump sought an agreement to make the payments equal.

Trump sometimes suggests NATO members “owe” money to the United States or are “delinquent,” but that is not the case. NATO members are required to meet a guideline of spending at least 2% of their gross domestic product on defense by 2024. He also claims that NATO spending was at a low point when he came into office, but that’s not true. It had fallen after the end of the Cold War but had started rising sharply after 2014, after Russia seized Crimea from Ukraine.

NATO estimates that European NATO and Canada will add $130 billion in cumulative defense spending through 2020, in 2015 dollars, as an increase over 2016 spending. NATO also estimates the cumulative figure will rise to $400 billion through 2024.

– – –

“Perhaps most importantly of all, with nearly $3 trillion, we fully rebuilt the American military, all made in the USA.”

This is false. Trump is adding up four fiscal years of military funding, but the money is not all spent, only a portion of it is destined for new equipment and the equipment is not all built. The actual amount spent on military equipment since he became president is much less, about 20% of the total. The rest was spent on personnel, operations and maintenance, research and development, and more. Trump’s spending on military equipment is not particularly new or unusual.

– – –

“The Abraham Accords opened the doors to a future of peace and harmony, not violence and bloodshed.”

Trump’s reference to “violence and bloodshed” is misleading. Unlike Jordan and Egypt, the Arab and North African nations extending diplomatic recognition to Israel during his presidency have never been at war with the Jewish state. The source of much of the violence remains the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians – an issue that Trump largely ignored. Helping win diplomatic recognition for Israel from Arab states is a noteworthy achievement.

Trump sometimes adds that the deals came with “no cost.” In reality, the Trump administration made a number of deals to coax Middle Eastern and North African leaders into recognizing Israel, such as weapons sales and upending U.S. policy toward the Western Sahara region claimed by Morocco.

– – –

“I am especially proud to be the first president in decades who has started no new wars.”

Trump appears to be referring to Jimmy Carter as the last president with no new wars, but this is highly debatable. It depends on whether one counts Obama’s intervention in Syria as a “new war” or an extension of the conflict in Iraq started under President George W. Bush. (The Islamic State terror group emerged in the aftermath of that war.) Obama did not deploy any troops to Libya when NATO began a campaign in Libya aimed at saving civilians in Benghazi threatened by Libyan government forces. Meanwhile, Trump ramped up commitments in Iraq and Syria initially to fight ISIS (while also launching air strikes on Syria for chemical weapons), added troops in Afghanistan, and escalated hostilities with Iran, including the killing of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani. Trump said that strike was carried out in accordance with the a resolution in 2001.

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Biden’s Pentagon nominee vows to take on extremism in military

InternationalJan 20. 2021

By The Washington Post · Missy Ryan, Paul Sonne

WASHINGTON – Retired Gen. Lloyd Austin vowed Tuesday to eradicate extremism in the ranks if confirmed as the next defense secretary as the Pentagon struggles to address a growing internal threat in the wake of this month’s riot at the U.S. Capitol.

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“We can never take our hands off the wheel on this,” Austin, who would become the country’s first African American Pentagon chief, told lawmakers who were considering his nomination by President-elect Joe Biden. “This has no place in the military of the United States of America.”

Austin, who before his 2016 retirement served as head of U.S. Central Command and previously commander of U.S. troops in Iraq, made reference to a consequential episode earlier in his career when, as a young officer in the 82nd Airborne Division, a network of skinhead soldiers was uncovered after the killing of an African American couple near the division’s base.

Nearly two dozen soldiers were later found to have links to neo-Nazi or extremist groups. A distressing realization, Austin said, was that military leaders had not picked up on signs about the threat. “We just didn’t know what to look for,” he said.

Austin’s reference to the 25-year-old incident signifies the urgency of the military’s challenge today in identifying and addressing anti-government and racist currents, among the numerous challenges he will face if he becomes Biden’s Pentagon chief.

The former general, who since his retirement has stayed out of the political fray, would face a host of other obstacles, including accelerating the effort to effectively compete against China, winding down insurgent wars and repairing defense alliances strained by hostility from President Donald Trump. He would have to grapple with a flattened defense budget and improve morale among a Pentagon workforce buffeted by leadership upheaval.

Before any of that could occur, Austin would need to surmount an additional hurdle in the form of attaining a congressional waiver to a requirement that defense secretaries be out of the military for at least seven years.

After Trump’s election in 2016, lawmakers voted to approve a waiver for Jim Mattis, another former commander who had been retired for less than seven years, as defense secretary – the second time such an exception had been granted. But some Democrats voiced discomfort with the move, fretting that it would undermine the U.S. tradition of civilian control of the military.

“I know that being a member of the president’s Cabinet – a political appointee – requires a different perspective and unique duties from a career in uniform,” Austin said.

While several senators, including Tom Cotton, R-Ark., Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., and Tammy Duckworth, D-Ill., have said they would oppose granting Austin the waiver, which must also pass the House of Representatives, Austin is expected to receive the dispensation and be confirmed.

Because a final confirmation vote is not expected until Friday at the earliest, David Norquist, currently deputy defense secretary, will serve as acting Pentagon chief until Austin is in place, according to a transition official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss internal plans.

How effectively Austin can transform into a political being after a long career in uniform remains to be seen. Trump’s two confirmed defense secretaries, Mattis and Mark Esper, regularly sought to steer the military away from political fighting but were sometimes criticized for appearing as if they remained in uniform themselves, citing the apolitical position of the military and “best military advice” despite their inherently political role.

Austin emphasized that he would surround himself by career civilians rather than former military officers, in contrast to Mattis, who filled many of the top-level civilian positions across the Pentagon with former uniformed officers.

Austin, 67, the son of a postal worker and a homemaker from Thomasville, Ga., comes under a renewed congressional spotlight after a career in which he repeatedly broke racial barriers at the department, including serving as the first Black officer to command an infantry division in combat, lead Central Command and serve as vice chief of staff of the Army.

“There is kind of a sad commentary here, and that is: It shouldn’t have taken us this long to get here. There should have been someone who preceded me,” Austin said in a video released by the Biden campaign in which he discussed pioneering African American troops, including the Tuskegee Airmen and the Montford Point Marines. “My goal is not to be the last.”

Austin spoke as the current Pentagon leaders promise to take on what they acknowledge is a serious problem with support for white nationalism and anti-government movements in the military community. The issue has come under renewed scrutiny after the Jan. 6 attempted Capitol insurrection, in which a pro-Trump mob including a number of current and former members of the military stormed Congress as lawmakers gathered to certify Biden’s electoral win.

On Tuesday, officials said a dozen members of the massive National Guard force assembled to help secure Biden’s inauguration had been removed from the assignment, at least several of whom were believed to have sympathies for anti-government groups.

Austin said that the military should more effectively screen recruits for extremist ties and that it can also ensure that leaders across the department are attuned to what their subordinates are doing, reading and thinking to ensure that everyone is embracing the values of the U.S. military.

“I also think we need to do a better job of, once we have people on board, that we are paying attention to them, that we are creating the right kind of environment for them to live in and that they are embracing the values that we think are important in the military and the values that are important for this country,” he said.

Austin probably will face ongoing scrutiny over his ties to the defense industry, including his position as a member of the board of directors of weapons manufacturer Raytheon, whose bombs have been linked to Saudi airstrikes on civilian sites in Yemen.

Warren pressed Austin on his membership on the boards of Raytheon and United Technologies after he retired from the military. Austin agreed to extend his recusal on matters involving Raytheon for four years and said he would not serve on any defense contractor boards or become a lobbyist after leaving the Pentagon for a second time.

“Quite frankly, I’ll be too old to sit on the board of a defense contractor after my service. I have no intent to be a lobbyist as well,” he said.

Warren thanked Austin for being willing to operate under more constraints than are required by law. “Going above and beyond what federal law requires, as you are doing here, sends a powerful message that you are working on behalf of the American people and no one else,” Warren said.

Before retiring, Austin kept a lower public profile than other senior officers, declining to invite reporters to join his tours of the Middle East, as other Central Command leaders have done. That decision reduced public visibility into the activities of American troops operating in the region. In response to questions on the matter, Austin promised to conduct regular briefings and TV interviews and to be open to the media as defense secretary.

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Biden presides over memorial for 400,000 Americans who have died of covid-19

InternationalJan 20. 2021

By The Washington Post · Matt Viser, Annie Linskey

WASHINGTON – President-elect Joe Biden opened his inaugural commemorations Tuesday evening by honoring the 400,000 Americans who have died because of the coronavirus pandemic, marking the final hours before his swearing-in with a somber reminder of the struggles facing the nation he will lead Wednesday.

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Biden, returning to Washington for the first time since winning the election, presided over the first national mourning event amid the pandemic, and it set the tone for an inauguration that will be marked with more solemnity than jubilation.

Lanterns surrounding the Reflecting Pool next to the Lincoln Memorial shone to represent the dead, and buildings across the nation lit in a united effort to honor those lost. As the sun set with vibrant tangerine hues over a largely desolate, security-conscious downtown District of Columbia, Biden explicitly called on Americans to remember the victims and implicitly signaled the swift changes he would try to bring to the presidency.

Four years after President Donald Trump entered office talking about “American carnage” and insisting that “I alone can fix it,” Biden sought to project an optimism rooted in the possibilities of a country united and working together.

“Between sundown and dusk, let us shine the lights in the darkness,” Biden said in brief remarks that left the images to speak louder than his words. “To heal, we must remember. It’s hard sometimes to remember, but that’s how we heal. It’s important to do that as a nation. That’s why we’re here today.”

Earlier, a Michigan nurse, Lori Marie Key, sang “Amazing Grace,” and after Biden spoke, gospel singer Yolanda Adams performed “Hallelujah.”

As she did, Biden; his wife, Jill Biden; Vice President-elect Kamala Harris; and her husband, Doug Emhoff, turned to gaze across the darkened pool. In a space that is usually crowded with people for a pre-inaugural concert, the dominant image instead was one of a void framed by light.

The ceremony was meant as a demarcation between Biden’s presidency and the tenure of Trump, who has mostly ignored the swiftly rising coronavirus caseloads and death toll for months, after insisting during the campaign that the virus would soon disappear.

Biden and Harris have cited tackling the virus – by persuading more Americans to use preventive measures and by vaccinating millions vulnerable to it – and the parallel economic collapse as their top priorities when their administration takes power Wednesday.

Inauguration planners also organized other iconic buildings – including the Empire State Building in New York and the Space Needle in Seattle – to light up Tuesday night, and invited cities and towns across the country to join in the national moment of tribute.

“For many months, we have grieved by ourselves,” Harris said Tuesday night. “Tonight, we grieve and begin healing together.”

Biden’s appearance at the Reflecting Pool came hours after he offered an emotional farewell to his home state, weeping openly several times as he spoke in front of a bank of Delaware flags before boarding a flight to Washington for his swearing-in as president at noon Wednesday.

“I know these are dark times. But there’s always light,” Biden said from the Major Joseph R. “Beau” Biden III National Guard/Reserve Center at New Castle Airport, a venue named for his son, who died of brain cancer in 2015.

“You’ve been there for us in the good and the bad and never walked away,” Biden said, after calling out to several friends in the audience. “And I am proud, proud, proud, proud to be a son of Delaware.”

As Biden spoke, tears rolled down his face and he fought for control several times.

Paraphrasing an adage from Irish writer James Joyce, Biden said: “Excuse the emotion. But when I die, Delaware will be written on my heart.”

Biden said his only regret was that his eldest son, who had been the state’s attorney general and was looking toward a run for governor before his death, was not the one leaving for Washington to be sworn in as president. Biden’s two surviving children and six of his grandchildren accompanied him to Washington.

The emotion of the Reflecting Pool commemoration and Biden’s raw goodbye to Delaware matched the tumultuous moment in the country’s history as he prepares to take over as president.

More than 20,000 National Guard troops are billeted in the nation’s capital to keep peace during the inauguration. And less than two hours after he spoke, the nation passed the 400,000 mark in covid-19 deaths, as the coronavirus continues to spread across the nation amid a struggling effort to vaccinate the most vulnerable.

As a result, the events leading to the inauguration have been subdued rather than celebratory and festive.

Even before the riot by Trump supporters at the U.S. Capitol two weeks ago, many events associated with a transfer of power had been scaled back because of the virus.

On Inauguration Day, formal balls will be replaced with online events. The National Mall, where inaugural observers would have stood, was devoid of people, instead turned into an artistic canvas filled with hundreds of lights and tens of thousands of flags.

Additional security precautions, including scrapping a train ride Biden planned from Wilmington, Del., to Washington, were made in the days since a deadly mob stormed the Capitol directly after remarks at a rally by Trump.

After the memorial service on Tuesday night, Biden and his family went to Blair House, the official presidential guesthouse across the street from the White House. The White House had extended an invitation for Biden to use the property, but Biden’s aides over the past week had declined to say whether he would stay at the home, as every president-elect has done since Jimmy Carter.

Biden, who will be the nation’s second Catholic president after John F. Kennedy, is planning to attend Mass at St. Matthew’s Cathedral on Wednesday morning. He will be joined by a bipartisan group of congressional leaders.

For the first time in recent memory, the incoming and outgoing presidents are not expected to meet on Inauguration Day. Trump plans to depart the White House for Florida in the morning and will be the first outgoing president to boycott his successor’s inauguration since Andrew Johnson declined to attend President Ulysses S. Grant’s swearing-in in 1869.

Vice President Mike Pence, however, said Tuesday that he would attend Biden’s inauguration rather than Trump’s farewell ceremony at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland.

Biden’s speech on Wednesday is expected to run 20 to 30 minutes and will be “built around the theme of unity” and offer “a forward-looking vision for his presidency while addressing the moment we are living in as a country,” according to an aide who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss private planning.

The inauguration will close the most tumultuous transition in modern history, one that was marked by weeks of false accusations by Trump and other Republicans about the election results, which culminated two weeks ago with a pro-Trump mob storming the steps where Biden will take the oath of office.

Biden is planning an immediate burst of executive actions designed to undo a slew of measures carried out by Trump over the past four years. He is planning to immediately reenter the Paris climate accords and repeal the ban on U.S. entry for citizens of some majority-Muslim countries.

Biden is expected to sign an order extending nationwide restrictions on evictions and foreclosures and implement a mask-wearing mandate on federal property.

Biden’s team has circulated a top-line list of tentative executive orders that lawmakers should expect to be rolled out over each of the next seven days – an early look at policies and messages the new White House expects to press ahead on in its opening days.

They include directives in key areas in which Biden had promised action, including fighting the coronavirus, providing economic relief, requiring the federal government to procure American goods, forging racial equality, combating climate change, improving access to health care, overhauling the immigration system and restoring the country’s leadership abroad.

The list of Biden’s pending executive orders, confirmed by two people who have seen it and who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss it publicly, gives a broad overview of what the incoming administration plans to do on its own – without Congress, if necessary – to address the immediate priorities.

The president-elect plans to issue administrative actions relating to the coronavirus on Thursday and economic relief on Friday. A “Buy American” action is slated for Monday, and an order addressing issues of racial equity is anticipated for Tuesday.

Biden plans to announce actions on climate change on Jan. 27, health care on Jan. 28, immigration on Jan. 29, and on Feb. 1, he is expected to take action on international affairs and national security.

Biden also plans to file on Wednesday a sweeping immigration bill, which includes an eight-year pathway to citizenship for immigrants without legal status and an expansion of refugee admissions. At the same time, he plans to press aggressively for a $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief package.

Biden’s final few days as a private citizen included a mix of family time and homages to his past and to the crises faced by the country.

The president-elect, Jill Biden and other family members packed canned goods and rice into boxes on Monday at Philabundance, Philadelphia’s largest hunger-relief program. It was part of a national day of service that kicked the inaugural festivities into high gear, and aides said more than 150 boxes of food were packaged.

On Sunday, his granddaughter Naomi posted a photo of Joe Biden with one of his dogs – an empty box and a framed photo propped on the floor in the background, nodding to the packing going on around them.

“This is kind of emotional for me,” Biden said in Delaware on Tuesday afternoon, addressing a small audience that included longtime friends and allies. “You’ve been with me my whole career – and through the good times and the bad.”

Biden recalled how his parents moved to the state from Pennsylvania under economic duress. He recounted standing on a train platform 12 years earlier, awaiting President-elect Barack Obama and speaking to his sons about the changes that had prompted the nation to elect the first Black president.

And now, he said, he was headed to Washington to meet up with Harris, who will be the first female, first Black and first Asian American vice president.

“I said, ‘Don’t tell me things can’t change. They can. And they do,’ ” Biden said. “That’s America. That’s Delaware. A place of hope and light and limitless possibilities.”

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Europe sets sights on vaccinating 70% of adults by summer

InternationalJan 20. 2021

By Syndication Washington Post, Bloomberg · Jonathan Stearns

The European Union will aim to vaccinate at least 70% of its adult population against the coronavirus by summer as the bloc grapples with new variants that threaten to trigger more social curbs and economic damage.

The European Commission’s covid-19 plan, first reported by Bloomberg on Monday, also urged national governments to vaccinate at least 80% of health workers and people over the age of 80 by March.

“Meeting these two targets would, in a first instance, reduce death and hospitalization rates, relieve pressure on healthcare systems and then put Europe on track for herd immunity, helping to protect those who cannot be vaccinated and providing a bulwark against the spread of the virus,” the Brussels-based commission said on Tuesday.

With the virus killing more than 400,000 people in the EU since the spring of 2020 and hobbling the European economy, the bloc is setting its hopes on vaccines from various drugmakers while urging stepped-up testing and tracing. The EU has approved two vaccines since mid-December and has six more in the pipeline.

“We are still far from overcoming this pandemic,” EU Health Commissioner Stella Kyriakides told the European Parliament. “But we have also turned a page and we begin 2021 with a powerful tool at hand to progressively put an end to this pandemic.”

While health policy is largely a national responsibility in the EU, the commission is pushing member countries to act in coordinated ways to tackle the coronavirus — including when it comes to the procurement of vaccines. The commission has secured around 2.3 billion vaccine doses for the bloc as a whole through advance purchase agreements.

So far, more than 13 million doses have been delivered to EU countries, the commission said on Tuesday. These are the vaccines from Pfizer Inc.-BioNTech SE, which have delivered 12.3 million doses to date, and from Moderna Inc., which has delivered 850,000 doses so far, according to the commission, which said more than 5 million vaccinations have been administered across the EU.

EU leaders are due to discuss the pandemic during a video conference on Thursday. After Pfizer triggered concerns last week about the pace of vaccine deliveries in Europe by announcing the renovation of a factory in Belgium, the commission stressed the need to bolster output in general.

“We will need to ramp up the supply of vaccines,” the commission said. “The commission and member states should work together with companies to ensure that new production comes on stream as quickly as possible.”

The commission also urged EU governments to do more to track virus mutations through genome sequencing, saying only one of them is testing more than 1% of samples and all others are either not sequencing enough or at all.

“The recent emergence of new variants of the virus is a real cause for concern,” the commission said. “All EU member states should reach a capacity of sequencing at least 5% — and preferably 10% — of positive test results.”

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12 members of the National Guard removed from inauguration duty

InternationalJan 20. 2021National Guard members patrol near the U.S. Capitol a day before the presidential inauguration. MUST CREDIT: Washington Post photo by Joshua Lott

By The Washington Post · Dan Lamothe, Paul Sonne, Alex Horton

A dozen members of the National Guard have been removed from inauguration duty as the federal government screens troops involved for security concerns, senior U.S. defense officials said Tuesday, one day before President-elect Joe Biden is set to take over as commander in chief.

The service members include at least two with possible sympathies for anti-government groups, said two U.S. officials, speaking on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue. Another 10 were removed for other reasons that defense officials declined to detail, but said it does have to do with extremism.

“These are vetting efforts that identify any questionable behavior in the past, or any potential link to questionable behavior not related to extremism,” said Jonathan Rath Hoffman, the chief Pentagon spokesman. He said that defense officials are not asking questions right now, and proactively removing people “out of an abundance of caution.”

Army Gen. Daniel Hokanson, the chief of the National Guard Bureau, declined to provide specifics about the two service members alleged to have expressed common cause with anti-government groups, but said they made “inappropriate comments.” One of those individuals was flagged for concern within his unit, while the other was reported to authorities, defense officials said.

The 12 service members removed represent a fraction of 1 percent of the 25,000 members of the National Guard deployed in Washington for the inauguration following the Jan. 6 assault on the U.S. Capitol by a mob that sought to stop the certification of Biden as the next president. The group, supporting President Donald Trump, smashed its way into Congress in an attack that led to the death of five people, including a police officer.

Democratic lawmakers sought vetting of National Guard members deployed for the inauguration afterward, citing the arrest of numerous veterans in the mob. The names of guardsmen supporting the inauguration were then sent to the FBI for vetting.

Army Gen. Daniel Hokanson, the chief of the National Guard Bureau, said that some of the guardsmen who have been flagged will be pulled “off the line” where guardsmen have formed a security perimeter around the Capitol, White House and other federal buildings. He said he is “not concerned” that a large part of the National Guard has security concerns, citing the small percentage who were removed after screening.

“Let me be clear: Extremism is not tolerated in any branch of the United States military,” Hokanson said. “If there are reported issues, our leaders will address them immediately and in accordance with established department policies and in coordination with law enforcement.”

The Pentagon on Tuesday referred questions about the guardsmen who have been removed to the Secret Service, which in turn said that any questions about National Guard personnel should be directed to the Defense Department.

“In order to maintain critical operational security surrounding the 59th Presidential Inauguration, the U.S. Secret Service and our law enforcement partners will not be commenting on the means and methods used to conduct the agency mission, inclusive of protective intelligence matters,” the Secret Service said in a statement. “Any questions specific to National Guard Bureau personnel should be directed to the Defense Department and the National Guard Bureau.”

The Associated Press first reported that some guardsmen would be removed from inauguration duty.

Not all of the Guardsmen being removed from inauguration duty necessarily have far-right militia ties; in some cases the military is removing individuals flagged by the FBI without knowing the reason they were flagged out of an abundance of caution, according to one official.

Guardsmen closer to the inner workings of the inauguration, like those overseeing access points, may receive higher levels of screening, said Michael Taheri, a retired Air Force major general and former director of staff for the National Guard Bureau.

Background checks for service members have broadened in recent years to include social media activity and more frequent monitoring, Taheri said, mirroring how private companies comb online behavior for prospective hires.

“My guess is there is a lot of open stuff out there,” he said.

About 25,000 guardsmen are expected to serve in the inauguration, following the deadly attack on the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6 by a mob that sought to stop the certification of Biden as the victor in the election over Trump. Democratic lawmakers have sought the vetting as a precaution following the arrest of several veterans and at least two current service members in the group.

Among the service members arrested are a current Virginia National Guard member who previously served in the Marine Corps and an Army reservist, according to court documents and defense officials.

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Biden’s nominee for national intelligence chief faces questions on China, domestic extremism

InternationalJan 20. 2021Avril Haines appears before the Senate Intelligence Committee during a hearing about her nomination to be director of national security on Tuesday, Jan. 19, 2021. MUST CREDIT: Washington Post photo by Melina Mara

By The Washington Post · Shane Harris, Ellen Nakashima

WASHINGTON – Avril Haines, President-elect Joe Biden’s nominee for director of national intelligence, took questions from senators Tuesday in a confirmation hearing that was notably free of the partisan rancor that has characterized so many oversight sessions during the Trump administration.

Discussion about China dominated much of the hearing, one of the rare issues that has attracted a bipartisan consensus for action on Capitol Hill in recent years. Senators pressed Haines on how she planed to counteract that country’s aggressive espionage operations targeting U.S. companies.

Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., the committee’s incoming chairman and a former telecommunications executive, noted how his own views toward Beijing have hardened over the years, and he asked Haines to say whether China, under Communist Party rule, was an adversary of the United States.

She gave a measured answer.

“China is adversarial and an adversary on some issues,” Haines said, “and on other issues, we try to cooperate with them.” She noted that climate change is one area where the United States has sought Beijing’s cooperation.

But, she said, “that does not mitigate the fact that in espionage and other ways, they are an adversary,” and the intelligence community has to work to counter its “aggressive and unfair actions in these spaces.”

Sen. Ben Sasse, R-Neb., criticized the intelligence community for, in his eyes, being “way too slow to pivot to the primary focus we need to have on China,” including not having enough Mandarin-speaking analysts, and he solicited from Haines a commitment to address the issue. She said she recognized that “China is focused on a very long-term horizon, where the United States frequently is not.”

Haines took firmer positions on other policies. Revisiting one of the intelligence community’s darkest chapters, she unequivocally described waterboarding as “torture” and said that even if such interrogation techniques elicited useful and accurate information, she would never authorize their use.

“I believe that waterboarding is, in fact, torture – constitutes torture under the law,” said Haines, a lawyer who was deputy CIA director during the Obama administration. “And I believe all of those techniques that involve cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment are unlawful.”

Several senators also asked Haines what role the intelligence agencies should play in preventing political violence and the rise in domestic extremism that was laid bare in the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol by supporters of President Donald Trump and has led to an unprecedented level of security to protect Wednesday’s inauguration ceremony.

Haines emphasized that by law, the intelligence agencies address foreign threats and that the FBI and the Homeland Security Department would take the lead on domestic ones. But she noted that to the extent that U.S. groups have connections with foreign extremists, the intelligence agencies would support the work of law enforcement and security agencies.

Sen. Jack Reed, D-R.I., incoming chairman of the Armed Services Committee, raised the issue of the recent Russian hacks of U.S. government agencies and private-sector computer networks, calling it “one of the most significant events that [has] transpired in recent months.” He expressed dismay that the breaches went undetected for many months and that it was a private cybersecurity firm – not U.S. intelligence agencies – that discovered them.

Haines agreed. “It was pretty alarming that we found out about it through a private company rather than finding out about it ourselves,” she said.

She told Reed that “this is a major concern,” but she deferred on offering an opinion on how significant the operation was, saying she had not “had a full classified briefing” on the matter.

U.S. officials have said that the hack probably was perpetrated by Russian intelligence operatives, and that they have debated whether to characterize it as an act of espionage or warfare. Haines offered no solid proposals on how to counter foreign intrusions. But she said she favored a strategy of deterring adversaries by imposing sanctions and using criminal indictments.

Haines said it was possible to promote norms of acceptable behavior among nations in cyberspace without a treaty, something the United States has long resisted because it also attacks foreign computer networks to steal information and disable infrastructure.

Warner said it was Haines’s job to help the intelligence agencies recover from a period of intense politicization. For years, Trump has derided the CIA and other agencies as dens of conspirators trying to undermine his presidency by fabricating a “hoax” that Russia tried to help him win the White House. His administration declassified intelligence about Russia’s interference in the 2016 election that some officials said could compromise U.S. intelligence sources.

“Our intelligence professionals have been unfairly maligned; their expertise, knowledge and analysis has often been ignored and ridiculed by a president uninterested in facts contradicting his political interests,” Warner said.

Haines committed to “safeguard the integrity” of the intelligence community and to ensure that its work was free from political influence.

“When it comes to intelligence, there is simply no place for politics – ever,” she said.

If confirmed, Haines would make history as the first woman to serve as the director of national intelligence.

Gina Haspel, the first woman to run the CIA, the most influential of all the spy agencies, is retiring after 36 years serving as an intelligence officer, the agency announced Tuesday on Twitter.

Biden has nominated William Burns, a career diplomat, to succeed her.

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Biden bids an emotional farewell to Delaware as he heads to Washington

InternationalJan 20. 2021President-elect Joe Biden during a sending-off event in Wilmington, Del., on Jan. 19. MUST CREDIT: Washington Post photo by Demetrius Freeman.

By The Washington Post · Matt Viser, Annie Linskey

WILMINGTON, Del. – President-elect Joe Biden offered an emotional farewell to his home state Tuesday, weeping openly several times as he spoke in front of a bank of Delaware flags before boarding a flight to Washington for his swearing-in as president at noon Wednesday.

“I know these are dark times. But there’s always light,” Biden said from the Major Joseph R. “Beau” Biden III National Guard/Reserve Center at the New Castle Airport, a venue named after his son, who died of brain cancer in 2015.

“You’ve been there for us in the good and the bad and never walked away,” Biden said, after calling out to several friends in the audience. “And I am proud, proud, proud, proud to be a son of Delaware.”

As Biden spoke, tears rolled down his face, and he fought for control several times.

Paraphrasing an adage from Irish writer James Joyce, Biden said: “Excuse the emotion. But when I die, Delaware will be written on my heart.”

Biden said his only regret was that his eldest son, who had been the state’s attorney general and was looking toward a run for governor before his death, was not the one leaving for Washington to be sworn in as president. Biden’s plane arrived at Joint Base Andrews two hours later.

Biden’s raw goodbye matched the tumultuous moment in the country’s history as he prepares to take over as president.

More than 20,000 troops are billeted in the nation’s capital to keep peace during Biden’s inauguration. And roughly 400,000 Americans have died from covid-19, which is spreading across the nation amid a struggling effort to vaccinate the most vulnerable.

As a result, the events leading up to the inauguration will be subdued rather than celebratory and festive.

Even before the Capitol riot two weeks ago, many events associated with a transfer of power had already been scaled back due to the virus. Biden’s first event in Washington, on Tuesday evening, will be a commemoration of those who have died in the pandemic; lights will shine from the Reflecting Pool before the Lincoln Memorial and on buildings throughout the country.

On Inauguration Day, the National Mall will be filled with flags instead of people. White-tie balls will be replaced with online events.

Additional security precautions were made in the days since President Donald Trump incited a deadly mob to storm the Capitol, including scrapping a train ride Biden planned from Wilmington to Washington.

Still, Biden’s team was busy planning for the next few days and circulated a top-line list of tentative executive orders that lawmakers should expect to be rolled out over each of the next seven days – an early look at policies and messages the new White House expects to drive in its opening days.

They include directives in key areas where Biden had promised action, including fighting the coronavirus, providing economic relief, requiring the federal government to procure American goods, forging racial equality, combating climate change, improving access to health care, overhauling the immigration system and restoring the country’s leadership abroad.

The list of Biden’s pending executive orders, confirmed by two people who have seen it, gives a broad overview of what the incoming administration plans to do on its own – without Congress if necessary – to address the immediate priorities.

The president-elect plans to issue administrative actions relating to the coronavirus on Thursday and economic relief on Friday. A “Buy American” action will come on Monday, and an order addressing racial equity issues will follow on Tuesday.

Biden will announce actions on climate change on Jan. 27, health care on Jan. 28, immigration on Jan. 29, and on Feb. 1, he will take action on international affairs and national security.

Biden’s final few days as a private citizen included a mix of family time and homages to his past and to the crises faced by the country.

The president-elect; his wife, Jill; and other family members packed canned goods and rice into boxes on Monday at Philabundance, Philadelphia’s largest hunger-relief program. It was part of a national day of service that kicked the inaugural festivities into high gear, and aides said more than 150 boxes of food were packaged.

On Sunday, his granddaughter Naomi posted a photo of Biden with one of his dogs – an empty box and framed photos propped on the floor in the background, nodding to the packing going on around them.

“This is kind of emotional for me,” Biden told the crowd in Delaware on Tuesday afternoon to an small audience that included longtime friends and allies. “You’ve been with me my whole career – and through the good times and the bad.”

Biden recalled how his parents moved to the state from Pennsylvania under economic duress. He recounted standing on a train platform 12 years earlier, awaiting then-President-elect Barack Obama and speaking to his sons about the changes that had prompted the nation to elect the first Black president.

And now, he said, he was headed to Washington to meet up with Kamala Harris, who will be the first female, first Black and first Asian American vice president.

“I said, ‘Don’t tell me things can’t change. They can,’ ” Biden said. “And they do. That’s America. That’s Delaware. A place of hope, life and limitless possibilities.”

#SootinClaimon.Com : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation.

https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30401495?utm_source=category&utm_medium=internal_referral

At the 11th hour, Trump administration declares China’s treatment of Muslims in Xinjiang ‘genocide’

InternationalJan 20. 2021

Chinese soldiers train in northwestern China’s Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region on Jan. 4. (AP)

By The Washington Post · John Hudson

On his last full day in office, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo declared that China had committed “genocide” and “crimes against humanity” through a campaign of internment, forced labor and forced sterilization of predominantly Muslim Uighurs in the Xinjiang region.

In an embarrassing blow to Beijing, Pompeo said Tuesday that the United States has documented a dramatic escalation in China’s “decades-long” campaign of repression against Uighurs and other ethnic and religious minorities since at least March 2017.

The “morally repugnant, wholesale policies, practices, and abuses are designed systematically to discriminate against and surveil ethnic [Uighurs] as a unique demographic and ethnic group, restrict their freedom to travel, emigrate, and attend schools, and deny other basic human rights of assembly, speech, and worship,” Pompeo said in a statement.

The 11th-hour determination means that the incoming Biden administration will largely have to deal with the diplomatic blowback from the decision, not the Trump administration. China denies accusations of mistreatment.

The determination does not force immediate sanctions or other penalties on China, but it may have implications for whether companies decide to do business in Xinjiang, which is a major supplier of cotton around the world.

The move is likely to put further strain on the world’s two largest economies, whose relations plunged to their lowest depths during the Trump administration.

Pompeo has hailed the Trump administration as a truth-teller on U.S.-China relations and said that it came to this determination not because of “domestic political concern” but because “it is right.”

President Donald Trump’s former national security adviser John Bolton, however, said Trump expressed approval for China’s use of Uighur concentration camps in Xinjiang during a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping.

“Trump said that Xi should go ahead with building the camps, which Trump thought was exactly the right thing to do,” Bolton wrote in his memoir “The Room Where It Happened.” The administration has denied this account.

The State Department decision follows the passage of legislation by Congress on Dec. 27 requiring the United States to make a finding within 90 days about whether China’s practices in Xinjiang constitute crimes against humanity or genocide.

“It’s an indication of serious concern, but that it’s coming literally less than 24 hours to go in this administration – so that in some ways undermines that message,” said Sophie Richardson, a specialist on China issues at Human Rights Watch.